Kane J M, Woerner M, Lieberman J
Hillside Hospital, Division of Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Glen Oaks, NY 11004.
Encephale. 1988 Sep;14 Spec No:191-4.
Although there continues to be some debate as to the extent to which neuroleptic drug treatment is either necessary or sufficient to produce abnormal involuntary movements in various psychiatric populations, the consensus at present is that neuroleptics do play a major role in producing, precipitating or evoking abnormal involuntary movements. No doubt a variety of other factors play a critical role in predisposing particular individuals to the development of the condition. Numerous prevalence surveys have been conducted and extensively reviewed. In general, prevalence surveys have helped to identify populations at particular risk, to suggest factors which contribute to risk and to establish the overall scope of the problem. The strategy of estimating prevalence in a specific population has limitations, however, and further advances in our understanding of tardive dyskinesia (TD) will require a different type of methodology. Important progress has been made in the last several years involving prospective studies of TD development. Current estimates of incidence suggest that TD develops in about 5% of patients with each year of cumulative neuroleptic exposure. These data are derived from relatively young patients (average age 28); the incidence in older individuals is likely to be higher. Further data on the epidemiology of TD will be presented.
尽管对于抗精神病药物治疗在各类精神病人群中产生异常不自主运动的必要性或充分性程度仍存在一些争议，但目前的共识是，抗精神病药物在产生、促使或引发异常不自主运动方面确实起着主要作用。毫无疑问，多种其他因素在使特定个体易患该病方面起着关键作用。已经进行了大量的患病率调查并进行了广泛的综述。总体而言，患病率调查有助于确定特定风险人群，提示导致风险的因素，并确定问题的总体范围。然而，在特定人群中估计患病率的策略存在局限性，我们对迟发性运动障碍（TD）的进一步理解将需要不同类型的方法。在过去几年中，关于TD发展的前瞻性研究取得了重要进展。目前的发病率估计表明，每年累积接触抗精神病药物的患者中约有5%会发生TD。这些数据来自相对年轻的患者（平均年龄28岁）；老年人中的发病率可能更高。将介绍关于TD流行病学的更多数据。
