Crespo Facorro B, Payá González B, Ruiz Fernández V, Carbonell Masia C
Servicio de Psiquiatría, HCU San Carlos, Madrid.
Actas Luso Esp Neurol Psiquiatr Cienc Afines. 1997 Mar-Apr;25(2):118-27.
Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) is a iatrogenic syndrome of involuntary movement that occur in association with chronic neuroleptic use. The diagnosis and ongoing assessment of TD severity is complicated by a host of methodological problems. Orofacial movements are most frequent, although other body areas, limbs, neck and trunk, may be involved. The prevalence for TD varies widely from study to study, the estimated average prevalence is a 20%. The pathophysiology of TD remains poorly understood despite the numerous theories have been proposed. One of the most consistently identified TD risk factors is age. This factor is independent of drug exposure although both are often confounded. Currently no consistency effective treatment has yet been found and the most important treatment consist of gradual neuroleptic drug-dose reduction and, where possible, complete withdrawal.
迟发性运动障碍（TD）是一种与长期使用抗精神病药物相关的医源性不自主运动综合征。TD严重程度的诊断和持续评估因一系列方法学问题而变得复杂。口面部运动最为常见，不过身体的其他部位，如四肢、颈部和躯干也可能受累。TD的患病率在不同研究中差异很大，估计平均患病率为20%。尽管已经提出了众多理论，但TD的病理生理学仍知之甚少。最一致确定的TD危险因素之一是年龄。该因素与药物暴露无关，尽管两者常常相互混淆。目前尚未找到一致有效的治疗方法，最重要的治疗措施是逐渐减少抗精神病药物剂量，并在可能的情况下完全停药。
