Veddum Lotte, Pedersen Heine Lund, Landert Anna-Sofie Lose, Bliksted Vibeke
a Psychosis Research Unit Aarhus University Hospital Risskov , Risskov , Denmark.
b Department of Psychosis , Neuropsychiatric Clinic, Aarhus University Hospital Risskov , Risskov , Denmark.
Nord J Psychiatry. 2019 Jan;73(1):44-50. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1554697. Epub 2019 Jan 14.
There is substantial evidence that both patients with schizophrenia and patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have impaired social cognition including theory of mind (ToM) deficits. However, it remains unclear if both verbal (explicit) and non-verbal (implicit) ToM as well as social perception are similarly affected in both disorders.
Twenty-one patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 11 patients diagnosed with ASD were matched one-to-one to healthy controls based on gender, age, and educational level. Social functioning was measured by Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale. Neurocognition was measured using Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS-DK), and four subtests from Wechsler Adult Intelligence (WAIS-IV) scale were applied to estimate IQ. The Animated Triangles Task was used to measure implicit ToM, while explicit ToM and social perception were measured by The Awareness and Social Inference Test (TASIT).
Patients with schizophrenia had deficits in implicit ToM and complex social perception compared to their matched controls, but no problems with explicit ToM. Surprisingly, patients with ASD solely had deficits with regard to complex social perception compared to their matched controls. The two patient groups were similar regarding estimated IQ, social functioning and years of education, but differed in age and neurocognition. When adjusting the p-values for age and neurocognitive deficits, both patients groups had similar social cognitive deficits.
Results imply that we compared schizophrenia patients with substantial neurocognitive deficits to a group of high-functioning patients with ASD. However, these two subgroups may have the same level of social cognitive deficits.
有大量证据表明，精神分裂症患者和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者均存在社会认知受损，包括心理理论（ToM）缺陷。然而，目前尚不清楚在这两种疾病中，言语（显性）和非言语（隐性）ToM以及社会感知是否受到类似影响。
根据性别、年龄和教育水平，将21名被诊断为精神分裂症的患者和11名被诊断为ASD的患者与健康对照进行一对一匹配。社会功能通过个人和社会表现（PSP）量表进行测量。使用精神分裂症认知简短评估（BACS-DK）测量神经认知，并应用韦氏成人智力量表（WAIS-IV）中的四个子测验来估计智商。使用动态三角任务测量隐性ToM，而显性ToM和社会感知则通过意识与社会推理测试（TASIT）进行测量。
与匹配的对照组相比，精神分裂症患者在隐性ToM和复杂社会感知方面存在缺陷，但在显性ToM方面没有问题。令人惊讶的是，与匹配的对照组相比，ASD患者仅在复杂社会感知方面存在缺陷。两组患者在估计智商、社会功能和受教育年限方面相似，但在年龄和神经认知方面存在差异。在调整年龄和神经认知缺陷的p值后，两组患者的社会认知缺陷相似。
结果表明，我们将有大量神经认知缺陷的精神分裂症患者与一组高功能ASD患者进行了比较。然而，这两个亚组可能具有相同水平的社会认知缺陷。
