Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1112:345-363. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_24.
F-type lectins are phylogenetically widespread albeit selectively distributed lectins with an L-fucose-binding sequence motif and an F-type lectin fold. Several F-type lectins from fishes have been extensively studied, and structural information is available for F-type lectin domains from fish and bacterial proteins. F-type lectins have been demonstrated to be involved in self-/nonself-recognition and therefore have an important role in pathogen defense in many metazoan animals. F-type lectin domains also have been implicated in functions related to fertilization, protoplast regeneration, and bacterial virulence. We have recently analyzed and reported the taxonomic spread, phylogenetic distribution, architectural contexts, and sequence characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic F-type lectin domains. Interestingly, while eukaryotic F-type lectin domains were frequently present as stand-alone domains, bacterial F-type lectin domains were mostly found co-occurring with enzymatic or nonenzymatic domains in diverse domain architectures, suggesting that the F-type lectin domain might be involved in targeting enzyme activities or directing other biological functions to distinct glycosylated niches in bacteria. We and others have probed the fine oligosaccharide-binding specificity of several F-type lectin domains. The currently available wealth of sequence, structural, and biochemical information about F-type lectin domains provides opportunities for the generation of designer lectins with improved binding strength and altered binding specificities. We discuss the prevalence, provenance, properties, peculiarities, and potential of F-type lectin domains for future applications in this review.
F 型凝集素是进化上广泛分布的，但具有选择性分布的凝集素，具有 L-岩藻糖结合序列基序和 F 型凝集素折叠。已经对鱼类中的几种 F 型凝集素进行了广泛研究，并且已经获得了来自鱼类和细菌蛋白的 F 型凝集素结构域的结构信息。已经证明 F 型凝集素参与自我/非自我识别，因此在许多后生动物的病原体防御中具有重要作用。F 型凝集素结构域还与与受精、原生质体再生和细菌毒力相关的功能有关。我们最近分析并报告了原核和真核 F 型凝集素结构域的分类分布、系统发育分布、结构上下文和序列特征。有趣的是，虽然真核 F 型凝集素结构域通常作为独立结构域存在，但细菌 F 型凝集素结构域主要与不同结构域架构中的酶或非酶结构域一起发现，这表明 F 型凝集素结构域可能参与靶向酶活性或将其他生物学功能引导到细菌中不同的糖基化位。我们和其他人已经探测了几种 F 型凝集素结构域的精细寡糖结合特异性。目前有关 F 型凝集素结构域的序列、结构和生化信息的丰富性为生成具有改进的结合强度和改变的结合特异性的设计型凝集素提供了机会。我们在本文中讨论了 F 型凝集素结构域在未来应用中的普遍性、来源、特性、特点和潜力。
