Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI), 3500 Transportation Research Plaza, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI), 3500 Transportation Research Plaza, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
Accid Anal Prev. 2019 Mar;124:113-119. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.12.014. Epub 2019 Jan 10.
One focus of the U.S. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) is to provide leadership in the testing and evaluation of promising safety technologies developed for use in commercial motor vehicles (CMVs). To this end, a program was developed by FMCSA to conduct independent, short-turnaround evaluations of promising safety technologies. Vendors who had promising safety technologies, focused in the commercial vehicle domain, were solicited to participate and submit an application. One technology was selected by FMCSA for each evaluation cycle (lasting approximately 18 months). The technology was tested in both static and dynamic conditions, after which a trucking fleet, and its drivers, were brought in to test the technology in a field operational test (FOT) lasting approximately 6 weeks. During the FOT, 15-20 trucks were instrumented with the technology and other data collection equipment, including sensors and video cameras. A study was then conducted during which drivers used the technology in their revenue-producing operations. Initially, often for the first 2 months, the technology collected data but did but not actively present alerts to the driver. Following this baseline period, a four-month intervention period was conducted. Each evaluation has resulted in more than 1,000,000 km of driving data including continuous video data. Data analyses focused on understanding the efficacy of the technology in terms of (i) safety improvements, (ii) challenges to implementation (e.g., unintended consequences), and (iii) user acceptance (including driver, fleet manager, and other fleet personnel as appropriate). The technology vendors who applied for the first three evaluations can be classified into the following general categories: fatigue/drowsiness, fleet management, visibility safety systems, cell phone policy/enforcement, and other systems. Three technology evaluations were completed in the first 5 years of (i) a blind spot detection and warning system, (ii) an onboard monitoring system, and (iii) a novel mirror technology. High-level results of each of these three evaluations are highlighted in the paper.
美国联邦汽车运输安全管理局（FMCSA）的一个重点是为商业机动车（CMV）使用的有前途的安全技术的测试和评估提供领导。为此，FMCSA 制定了一个计划，以对有前途的安全技术进行独立、快速的评估。有前途的安全技术的供应商，专注于商用车领域，被邀请参与并提交申请。FMCSA 为每个评估周期（持续约 18 个月）选择一项技术。该技术在静态和动态条件下进行了测试，之后，一个卡车车队及其驾驶员被引入进行大约为期 6 周的现场操作测试（FOT）。在 FOT 期间，15-20 辆卡车配备了该技术和其他数据采集设备，包括传感器和摄像机。然后进行了一项研究，在此期间，驾驶员在其创收运营中使用了该技术。最初，通常在前 2 个月，该技术收集数据，但不会主动向驾驶员发出警报。在此基线期之后，进行了为期四个月的干预期。每次评估都产生了超过 100 万公里的驾驶数据，包括连续视频数据。数据分析侧重于从以下几个方面了解技术的功效：(i) 安全改进，(ii) 实施挑战（例如，意外后果），以及 (iii) 用户接受度（包括驾驶员、车队经理和其他车队人员）。在前三次评估中申请的技术供应商可以分为以下几类：疲劳/瞌睡、车队管理、可视性安全系统、手机政策/执行以及其他系统。在（i）盲点检测和警告系统、（ii）车载监控系统和（iii）新型后视镜技术的前 5 年中完成了三次技术评估。本文重点介绍了这三次评估的高级结果。
