Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Sep;34(9):2585-2595. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002964.
Zacca, R, Azevedo, R, Ramos, VR, Abraldes, JA, Vilas-Boas, JP, Castro, FAdS, Pyne, DB, and Fernandes, RJ. Biophysical follow-up of age-group swimmers during a traditional three-peak preparation program. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2585-2595, 2020-The aim of this study was to quantify changes and contributions of bioenergetic, technique, and anthropometric profiles across a traditional 3-peak swimming season. Twenty-four age-group swimmers (11 boys: 15 years 6 months ± 1 year 1 month; 13 girls: 14 years 5 months ± 10 months) of equal maturational stage were monitored through a 400-m test in front crawl (T400). Bioenergetic, technique, and anthropometric characteristics were compared before and after macrocycles I, II and III. Sex interaction was verified only for amplitude of the fast oxygen uptake component and height (moderate). Multiple linear regressions and principal component analysis were used to identify the most influential variables and the relative contribution of each domain (bioenergetics, technique, and anthropometrics) to changes in swimming performance of T400. The relative contributions for the performance of T400 after macrocycles I, II, and III were, respectively, 6, 18, and 27% for bioenergetics, 88, 69, and 54% for technique, and 6, 13, and 20% for anthropometrics. Technique was the biggest contributor (71%) for changes in the performance of T400 over the training season, followed by bioenergetics (17%) and anthropometrics (12%). Technique played the main role during the competitive season, regardless of gradual increase in the contribution of bioenergetics and anthropometrics. Despite that, bioenergetics and technique are closely connected, thus a powerful and endurable metabolic base and cannot be overlooked. Changes and contribution of bioenergetics, technique, and anthropometrics on age-group swimmers' performance over a traditional 3-peak swimming season could be described by the T400 swimming test, providing a comprehensive biophysical overview of the main contributors to swimming performance.
扎卡、R、阿泽维多、R、拉莫斯、VR、阿布拉德斯、JA、比利亚斯-博阿斯、JP、卡斯特罗、FAdS、派恩、DB 和费尔南德斯、RJ。传统三峰准备方案中年龄组游泳运动员的生物物理随访。J 力量与调节研究 34(9):2585-2595，2020-本研究旨在量化生物能学、技术和人体测量学特征在传统三峰游泳赛季中的变化和贡献。对 24 名年龄组游泳运动员（11 名男孩：15 岁 6 个月±1 岁 1 个月；13 名女孩：14 岁 5 个月±10 个月）进行了 400 米自由泳（T400）的测试。在宏观循环 I、II 和 III 前后比较了生物能学、技术和人体测量特征。仅验证了性别的相互作用对于快速摄氧量成分和高度（中等）的幅度。使用多元线性回归和主成分分析来确定对 T400 游泳表现变化影响最大的变量以及每个域（生物能学、技术和人体测量学）的相对贡献。在宏观循环 I、II 和 III 之后，T400 性能的相对贡献分别为生物能学的 6%、18%和 27%，技术的 88%、69%和 54%，以及人体测量学的 6%、13%和 20%。在整个训练赛季中，技术是 T400 表现变化的最大贡献者（71%），其次是生物能学（17%）和人体测量学（12%）。技术在竞争赛季中发挥了主要作用，尽管生物能学和人体测量学的贡献逐渐增加。尽管如此，生物能学和技术是紧密相连的，因此强大而持久的代谢基础不容忽视。在传统的三峰游泳赛季中，年龄组游泳运动员的生物物理性能的变化和贡献可以通过 T400 游泳测试来描述，为游泳表现的主要贡献者提供了全面的生物物理概述。
