Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
ERATO Touhara Chemosensory Signal Project, JST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
Nat Commun. 2019 Jan 14;10(1):209. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07940-1.
Odorants are recognized by multiple olfactory receptors (ORs) and induce innate behaviors like attraction or aversion via olfactory system in mice. However, a role of an individual OR is unclear. Muscone is recognized by a few ORs including MOR215-1 and MOR214-3, and attracts male mice. Odor preference tests using MOR215-1 knockout mice revealed that MOR215-1 and other OR(s), possibly including MOR214-3, are involved in the attraction. (Z)-5-tetradecen-1-ol (Z5-14:OH) activates ~3 ORs, including Olfr288, and evokes attraction at low levels but aversion at higher levels. Olfr288 knockout mice show no attraction but aversion, suggesting Olfr288 is involved in preference for Z5-14:OH, whereas activation of other low-affinity Z5-14:OH receptors evokes aversion. Each OR appears to send a signal to a neural circuit that possesses distinct valence, leading to a certain behavior. The final output behavior with multiple ORs stimulation is determined by summation (addition or competition) of valences coded by activated ORs.
气味物质通过嗅觉系统被多种嗅觉受体（OR）识别，从而在小鼠中诱导吸引或厌恶等先天行为。然而，单个 OR 的作用尚不清楚。麝香酮被包括 MOR215-1 和 MOR214-3 在内的少数几个 OR 识别，并且吸引雄性小鼠。使用 MOR215-1 敲除小鼠进行的气味偏好测试表明，MOR215-1 和其他 OR（可能包括 MOR214-3）参与了吸引。(Z)-5-十四碳烯-1-醇（Z5-14：OH）激活约 3 个 OR，包括 Olfr288，并在低浓度下引起吸引，但在高浓度下引起厌恶。Olfr288 敲除小鼠既不吸引也不厌恶，表明 Olfr288 参与了对 Z5-14：OH 的偏好，而其他低亲和力 Z5-14：OH 受体的激活则引起厌恶。每个 OR 似乎向具有不同效价的神经回路发送信号，从而导致特定的行为。在多个 OR 刺激下的最终输出行为由激活的 OR 编码的效价的总和（相加或竞争）决定。
