Buczyńska Edyta, Buczyński Paweł
Department of Zoology, Animal Ecology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Department of Zoology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
PeerJ. 2019 Jan 9;6:e6215. doi: 10.7717/peerj.6215. eCollection 2019.
Ecological metrics and assemblages of three orders of aquatic insects (Odonata, Coleoptera and Trichoptera-OCT) in an industrial canal system affected by dredging were studied. Five sites (a river as a control site and canals) along the Vistula River in Central Poland were sampled during six sampling periods (2011 and 2013). Canonical correspondence analyses (CCA) was used to assess the influence of environmental variables on the distribution of 54 insect species in the following system of habitats-a river feeding the canals, river-fed inlet canals and outlet canals with cooling waters. Additionally, before and after control impact (BACI) was used to test for the impact of canal dredging in 2011 on the insect response metrics. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis differentiated insect assemblages of the three habitats and similarity percentage (SIMPER) indicated the species most responsible for the faunistic dissimilarities. Temperature was found to be a key factor governing the presence of insects in the outlet canals with cooling water. CCAs revealed that electrolytic conductivity (EC) and salinity had the greatest influence on the OCT fauna in the river and the inlet canals, whilst it was the dissolved oxygen and the level of development of aquatic plants that proved most important in the outlet canals. Modified ANOVAs showed that dredging significantly affected the mean species richness and the dominance in the canals. The changes in OCT species composition were highly informative. The comparison between tolerance patterns of the OCT orders against the five parameters (temperature, EC, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH and current) revealed that caddisflies are the most sensitive group, followed by Coleoptera while Odonata proved the most resistant. Dragonflies have the greatest potential to serve as bioindicators of industrially heated waters. The OCT fauna responded specifically to different environmental factors and stressors, it is strongly recommended to track the responses on different levels, not only metrics, but above all, species.
对受疏浚影响的工业运河系统中三个目水生昆虫（蜻蜓目、鞘翅目和毛翅目-OCT）的生态指标和群落进行了研究。在六个采样期（2011年和2013年）对波兰中部维斯瓦河沿岸的五个地点（一条河流作为对照地点和多条运河）进行了采样。采用典范对应分析（CCA）来评估环境变量对以下生境系统中54种昆虫分布的影响，该生境系统包括为运河供水的河流、由河流供水的进水运河以及带有冷却水的出水运河。此外，采用对照影响前后（BACI）方法来测试2011年运河疏浚对昆虫响应指标的影响。非度量多维标度分析区分了三种生境的昆虫群落，相似性百分比（SIMPER）表明了造成动物区系差异的主要物种。发现温度是控制带有冷却水的出水运河中昆虫存在的关键因素。CCA分析表明，电导率（EC）和盐度对河流和进水运河中的毛翅目动物群影响最大，而溶解氧和水生植物的发育水平在出水运河中最为重要。修正方差分析表明，疏浚对运河中的平均物种丰富度和优势度有显著影响。毛翅目物种组成的变化提供了丰富的信息。对毛翅目三个目对五个参数（温度、EC、总溶解固体（TDS）、pH值和电流）的耐受模式进行比较后发现，石蛾是最敏感的类群，其次是鞘翅目，而蜻蜓目则表现出最强的抗性。蜻蜓最有潜力作为工业加热水体的生物指示物种。毛翅目动物群对不同环境因素和压力源有特定反应，强烈建议在不同层面追踪这些反应，不仅是指标，最重要的是物种层面。
