Animal Production Division, Agricultural College, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic.
Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132 001, India.
Immunol Res. 2019 Feb;67(1):21-38. doi: 10.1007/s12026-019-9064-5.
Neutrophils represent the first line of innate immunity and are the most prominent line of cellular defence against invading microorganisms. On stimulation, they can quickly move through the walls of veins and into the tissues of the body to immediately attack or monitor the foreign antigens. Neutrophils are highly versatile and sophisticated cells which are endowed with highly sensitive receptor-based perception systems. They were traditionally classified as short-lived phagocytes actively involved during infection and inflammation, but recently, it has been seen that neutrophils are capable of detecting the presence of sperms during insemination as well as an implanting embryo in the female reproductive tract. These specialised phagocytes play a major role in tissue remodelling and wound healing, and maintain homeostasis during parturition, expulsion of placenta, folliculogenesis, corpus luteum formation and luteolysis. Here, we review the role played by neutrophils in maintaining homeostasis during normal and inflammatory conditions of dairy cattle. We have summarised the alteration in the expression of some cell adhesion molecules and cytokines on bovine neutrophils during different physiological and physiopathological conditions. Some emerging issues in the field of neutrophil biology and the possible strategies to strengthen their activity during the period of immunosuppression have also been discussed.
中性粒细胞是先天免疫系统的第一道防线，也是抵御入侵微生物的主要细胞防御线。在受到刺激后，它们可以迅速穿过静脉壁进入身体组织，立即攻击或监测外来抗原。中性粒细胞是多功能且复杂的细胞，具有高度敏感的受体感知系统。它们传统上被分类为短寿命的吞噬细胞，在感染和炎症期间积极参与，但最近发现，中性粒细胞能够在授精过程中以及在女性生殖道中检测到精子和着床胚胎的存在。这些特化的吞噬细胞在组织重塑和伤口愈合中发挥重要作用，并在分娩、胎盘排出、卵泡发生、黄体形成和黄体溶解期间维持体内平衡。在这里，我们综述了中性粒细胞在维持奶牛正常和炎症状态下体内平衡中所起的作用。我们总结了牛中性粒细胞在不同生理和病理生理条件下某些细胞黏附分子和细胞因子表达的变化。还讨论了中性粒细胞生物学领域的一些新出现的问题以及在免疫抑制期间增强其活性的可能策略。
