Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, Somerset, New Jersey.
Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, St Catherine University, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Sports Health. 2019 Jul/Aug;11(4):375-379. doi: 10.1177/1941738118824293. Epub 2019 Jan 15.
Bony stress injuries (BSIs) are common among adolescents involved in high school sports. A better understanding of factors that contribute to adolescent BSI is needed to target preventative measures.
Individuals who suffer a BSI will demonstrate significant differences in training methods, sleep, diet, and history of injury compared with a healthy, noninjured control group.
Descriptive epidemiologic study.
Data from the National High School Stress Fracture Registry (NHSSFR), an internet-based adolescent BSI survey, were used to identify variables reported with adolescent (13-18 years of age) BSI. These findings were compared with a survey of 100 (50 males, 50 females) healthy athletic controls to identify significant differences between healthy adolescents and those with BSI.
A total of 346 stress fractures were reported in 314 (206 females, 108 males) athletes within the NHSSFR. Comparison with healthy control participants demonstrated multiple significant findings. In particular, body mass index was significantly lower for patients with BSI injury compared with controls ( < 0.001). Patients slept significantly less than the control group (7.2 vs 7.95 hours; = 34.41; < 0.001). Females also slept significantly less hours than males (7.2 vs 7.63 hours; = 11.02; < 0.001). Fifty-eight percent of those who reported a BSI did not engage in any weight training. Those with a BSI had significantly higher average stress ratings than control participants (1.67 vs 1.42; < 0.001), and females also rated their stress levels significantly higher than males (1.8 vs 1.38; < 0.001). A significant difference between patients with any BSI and control participants existed for history of "shin splints" (Pearson χ = 28.31; < 0.001), and females also expressed having shin pain lasting for longer than 4 weeks (Pearson χ = 8.12; < 0.001) and more often (Pearson χ = 5.84; = 0.02) than males. There was also a significant difference between patients with BSI and control subjects regarding dairy intake (2.25 vs 2.69; F = 6.43; P = 0.01).
Findings revealed significant differences between those who reported a BSI relative to healthy athletic adolescents. These differences included body mass index, prior history of shin splints, involvement in weight training, amount of sleep, daily stress, and dairy intake. Preventive measures should be developed to address these areas to reduce the incidence of BSIs in the adolescent population.
在参与高中体育运动的青少年中，骨应力性损伤（BSI）很常见。为了有针对性地采取预防措施，需要更好地了解导致青少年 BSI 的因素。
与健康、未受伤的对照组相比，患有 BSI 的个体在训练方法、睡眠、饮食和受伤史方面会有明显差异。
描述性流行病学研究。
利用全国高中应力性骨折登记处（NHSSFR）的互联网青少年 BSI 调查数据，确定与青少年（13-18 岁）BSI 相关的报告变量。将这些发现与对 100 名（50 名男性，50 名女性）健康运动员的调查进行比较，以确定健康青少年与 BSI 患者之间的显著差异。
NHSSFR 中报告了 346 例应力性骨折，涉及 314 名运动员（206 名女性，108 名男性）。与健康对照组参与者的比较显示出多个显著差异。特别是，BSI 患者的 BMI 明显低于对照组（<0.001）。与对照组相比，患者的睡眠时间明显较少（7.2 与 7.95 小时；=34.41；<0.001）。女性的睡眠时间也明显少于男性（7.2 与 7.63 小时；=11.02；<0.001）。58%报告 BSI 的人没有进行任何举重训练。BSI 患者的平均压力评分明显高于对照组参与者（1.67 与 1.42；<0.001），女性的压力评分也明显高于男性（1.8 与 1.38；<0.001）。BSI 患者与对照组参与者在“胫骨夹板”病史方面存在显著差异（Pearson χ=28.31；<0.001），女性也表示胫骨疼痛持续时间超过 4 周（Pearson χ=8.12；<0.001）且更频繁（Pearson χ=5.84；=0.02）比男性。BSI 患者与对照组受试者在乳制品摄入量方面也存在显著差异（2.25 与 2.69；F=6.43；P=0.01）。
与健康的运动青少年相比，报告 BSI 的患者存在显著差异。这些差异包括 BMI、既往胫骨夹板病史、参与举重训练、睡眠时间、日常压力和乳制品摄入量。应制定预防措施来解决这些问题，以降低青少年人群中 BSI 的发生率。
