German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin, Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung e.V.), Berlin, Germany.
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
Sleep. 2019 Apr 1;42(4). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsz015.
To examine the changes in mothers' and fathers' sleep satisfaction and sleep duration across prepregnancy, pregnancy, and the postpartum period of up to 6 years after birth; it also sought to determine potential protective and risk factors for sleep during that time.
Participants in a large population-representative panel study from Germany reported sleep satisfaction and sleep duration in yearly interviews. During the observation period (2008-2015), 2541 women and 2118 men reported the birth of their first, second, or third child and provided longitudinal data for analysis. Fixed-effects regression models were used to analyze changes in sleep associated with childbirth.
Sleep satisfaction and duration sharply declined with childbirth and reached a nadir during the first 3 months postpartum, with women more strongly affected (sleep satisfaction reduction compared with prepregnancy: women, 1.81 points on a 0 to 10 scale, d = 0.79 vs. men, 0.37 points, d = 0.16; sleep duration reduction compared with prepregnancy: women, 62 min, d = 0.90 vs. men, 13 min, d = 0.19). In both women and men, sleep satisfaction and duration did not fully recover for up to 6 years after the birth of their first child. Breastfeeding was associated with a slight decrease in maternal sleep satisfaction (0.72 points, d = 0.32) and duration (14 min, d = 0.21). Parental age, household income, and dual vs. single parenting were unrelated, or only very weakly related, to improved sleep.
Following the sharp decline in sleep satisfaction and duration in the first months postpartum, neither mothers' nor fathers' sleep fully recovers to prepregnancy levels up to 6 years after the birth of their first child.
检测母亲和父亲的睡眠满意度和睡眠时长在怀孕前、怀孕期间和产后 6 年内的变化情况；并确定在此期间睡眠的潜在保护和风险因素。
德国一项大型代表性群体研究的参与者每年通过访谈报告睡眠满意度和睡眠时长。在观察期间（2008-2015 年），2541 名女性和 2118 名男性报告了他们的第一个、第二个或第三个孩子的出生，并提供了用于分析的纵向数据。采用固定效应回归模型分析与分娩相关的睡眠变化。
睡眠满意度和时长随着分娩急剧下降，并在产后的头 3 个月达到最低点，女性受影响更为严重（与怀孕前相比，睡眠满意度下降：女性为 0 到 10 分制上的 1.81 分，d = 0.79；男性为 0.37 分，d = 0.16；睡眠时长下降：女性为 62 分钟，d = 0.90；男性为 13 分钟，d = 0.19）。在女性和男性中，第一个孩子出生后长达 6 年，睡眠满意度和时长都没有完全恢复。母乳喂养与母亲睡眠满意度（0.72 分，d = 0.32）和时长（14 分钟，d = 0.21）略有下降相关。父母年龄、家庭收入以及双亲与单亲抚养与睡眠改善无关，或仅有非常微弱的关系。
在产后头几个月睡眠满意度和时长急剧下降之后，母亲和父亲的睡眠都没有完全恢复到怀孕前的水平，直到第一个孩子出生后 6 年。
