Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
Palaeontology, Geobiology and Earth Archives Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
Proteomics. 2019 Mar;19(5):e1800341. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201800341. Epub 2019 Feb 18.
The first dental proteomic profile of Iron Age individuals (ca. 2000-1000 years B.P.), collected from the site of Long Long Rak rock shelter in northwest Thailand is described. A bias toward the preservation of the positively charged aromatic, and polar amino acids is observed. It is evident that the 212 proteins identified (2 peptide, FDR <1%) comprise a palimpsest of alterations that occurred both ante-mortem and post-mortem. Conservation of amino acids within the taphonomically resistant crystalline matrix enabled the identification of both X and Y chromosome linked amelogenin peptides. A novel multiple reaction monitoring method using the sex specific amelogenin protein isoforms is described and indicate the teeth are of male origin. Functional analysis shows an enrichment of pathways associated with metabolic disorders and shows a capacity for harboring these conditions prior to death. Stable isotope analysis using carbon isotopes highlights the strongly C based (≈80%) diet of the Long Long Rak cemetery people, which probably comprised rice combined with protein from freshwater fish among other food items. The combination of proteomics and stable isotope analysis provides a complementary strategy for assessing the demography, diet, lifestyle, and possible diseases experienced by ancient populations.
描述了从泰国西北部朗龙拉科洞穴遗址采集的铁器时代（约公元前 2000-1000 年）个体的首个口腔蛋白质组图谱。观察到带正电荷的芳香族和极性氨基酸保存的偏向性。显然，鉴定出的 212 种蛋白质（2 肽，FDR<1%）包含了生前和死后发生的一系列变化的痕迹。在具有防蚀作用的晶体基质中氨基酸的保存，使得能够鉴定出与 X 和 Y 染色体相连的釉原蛋白肽。描述了一种使用性别特异性釉原蛋白蛋白同工型的新型多重反应监测方法，并表明这些牙齿来源于男性。功能分析显示，与代谢紊乱相关的途径富集，并显示在死亡前有容纳这些情况的能力。使用碳同位素的稳定同位素分析突出了朗龙拉科墓地人群的强烈基于 C 的（≈80%）饮食，其中可能包括大米，以及淡水鱼等其他食物中的蛋白质。蛋白质组学和稳定同位素分析的结合为评估古代人群的人口统计学、饮食、生活方式和可能经历的疾病提供了一种互补策略。
