Hetmann Anna, Kowalczyk Stanisław
Zakład Biochemii, Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu.
Postepy Biochem. 2018 Jun 30;64(1):29-45. doi: 10.18388/pb.2018_103.
Plants have evolved a multilevel immune system to protect them against infection by a diverse range of pathogens. The first line of plant defense consists of the integral plasma membrane receptors, known as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize MAMP/PAMP or DAMP molecules. PRRs activate downstream signaling cascades that culminate in generation of the innate immune response, called PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). The activation of PTI leads to the induction of basal defense responses, which include influx of Ca2+ in the cytosol, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, callose deposition, stomatal closure, phytoalexins biosynthesis, defence hormone biosynthesis and transcriptional induction of a large suite of defence-related genes.
植物进化出了多层次免疫系统来保护自身免受多种病原体的感染。植物防御的第一道防线由完整的质膜受体组成，即模式识别受体（PRR），其可识别微生物相关分子模式/病原体相关分子模式（MAMP/PAMP）或损伤相关分子模式（DAMP）分子。PRR激活下游信号级联反应，最终产生称为病原体诱导的免疫（PTI）的先天免疫反应。PTI的激活导致基础防御反应的诱导，包括细胞质中Ca2+的流入、活性氧（ROS）和一氧化氮的产生、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶级联反应的激活、胼胝质沉积、气孔关闭、植保素生物合成、防御激素生物合成以及大量防御相关基因的转录诱导。
