Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
Peptides. 2021 Oct;144:170611. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170611. Epub 2021 Jul 22.
Plants are constantly exposed to pathogens in their immediate environment. Plants sense the invasion of pathogens by recognizing the components including peptide fragments derived from pathogens, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Plants also produce immunogenic peptides called phytocytokines that regulate immune responses. These molecules are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) at plasma membrane. Activated PRRs induce a variety of immune responses including production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induction of Ca influx and activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) wards off microbes and pests. In this review, we summarize recent our advances in understanding how the peptide fragments are generated and perceived by plant PRRs at cell surface, and the activated PRRs transduce the downstream immune signaling.
植物在其周围环境中不断受到病原体的侵袭。植物通过识别包括来自病原体的肽片段在内的成分来感知病原体的入侵，这些成分被称为病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs）。植物还会产生免疫原性肽，称为植物细胞因子，调节免疫反应。这些分子被质膜上的模式识别受体（PRRs）识别。激活的 PRRs 诱导多种免疫反应，包括活性氧（ROS）的产生、Ca2+流入的诱导和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPKs）的激活。模式触发免疫（PTI）可以抵御微生物和害虫。在这篇综述中，我们总结了近年来对植物 PRRs 在细胞表面如何产生和感知肽片段以及激活的 PRRs 如何转导下游免疫信号的理解的最新进展。
