School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG9 2RD, UK.
School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG9 2RD, UK.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2019 Apr;180:123-130. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2018.12.010. Epub 2019 Jan 14.
This study tested whether overimitation is subject to an audience effect, and whether it is modulated by object novelty. A sample of 86 4- to 11-year-old children watched a demonstrator open novel and familiar boxes using sequences of necessary and unnecessary actions. The experimenter then observed the children, turned away, or left the room while the children opened the box. Children copied unnecessary actions more when the experimenter watched or when she left, but they copied less when she turned away. This parallels infant studies suggesting that turning away is interpreted as a signal of disengagement. Children displayed increased overimitation and reduced efficiency discrimination when opening novel boxes compared with familiar boxes. These data provide important evidence that object novelty is a critical component of overimitation.
本研究旨在检验过度模仿是否受观众效应的影响，以及它是否受到物体新颖性的调节。研究选取了 86 名 4 至 11 岁的儿童作为研究对象，让他们观看一个示范者使用必要和不必要的动作序列来打开新的和熟悉的盒子。然后，当实验者观察孩子、转身离开或离开房间时，孩子们会打开盒子。当实验者观察或离开时，孩子们会更多地模仿不必要的动作，但当她转身离开时，他们会模仿得更少。这与婴儿研究相似，表明转身被解释为一种不参与的信号。与熟悉的盒子相比，当孩子们打开新盒子时，他们会表现出更多的过度模仿和减少的效率辨别。这些数据提供了重要的证据，表明物体新颖性是过度模仿的一个关键组成部分。
