Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Health Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
J Adolesc Health. 2019 May;64(5):648-656. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.10.292. Epub 2019 Jan 14.
Adolescent gang members are at greater risk of poor sexual health outcomes than nongang members. Gang members' beliefs about gender may explain variation in their sexual health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine how gangs' and gang members' beliefs about gender are associated with sexual health outcomes, including sexual risk-taking, intimate partner violence, and coercive sex.
Gang members (N = 281; 46% female; 73% black/African American, 25% Hispanic/Latino, 4% white, age = 14-19 years) from 32 gangs completed surveys. Multilevel models assessed how gang norms and individuals' beliefs about women/girls as romantic partners, gang members, and sexual partners were associated with sexual risk-taking, intimate partner violence, and coercive sex (forced sex and gang rape).
Gangs and individual gang members who held more equitable beliefs about girls' role as gang members were at increased risk of experiencing several negative outcomes, including intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration, forced sex victimization, and gang rape victimization. These associations were stronger for gangs with a higher ratio of male members to female members. In contrast, equitable beliefs about women/girls as romantic and sexual partners were protective against intimate partner violence and coercive sex victimization and perpetration.
Interventions that address gender beliefs among gang members may improve intimate partner violence and coercive sex. These programs may be most effective if they aim to improve equity in sexual and romantic relationships, rather than focusing on respect for female gang members.
青少年帮派成员比非帮派成员更有可能出现不良性健康结果。帮派成员对性别的看法可能解释了他们性健康结果的差异。本研究旨在探讨帮派和帮派成员对性别的看法如何与性健康结果相关，包括性冒险行为、亲密伴侣暴力和强制性性行为。
来自 32 个帮派的 281 名帮派成员（46%为女性；73%为黑人和非裔美国人，25%为西班牙裔和拉丁裔，4%为白人，年龄为 14-19 岁）完成了调查。多层次模型评估了帮派规范以及个人对女性/女孩作为浪漫伴侣、帮派成员和性伴侣的看法与性冒险行为、亲密伴侣暴力和强制性性行为（强迫性行为和帮派强奸）之间的关系。
持有更平等的女孩作为帮派成员角色看法的帮派和个人帮派成员更有可能经历几种负面结果，包括亲密伴侣暴力受害和施暴、强迫性性受害和帮派强奸受害。这些关联在男性成员与女性成员比例较高的帮派中更为强烈。相比之下，对女性/女孩作为浪漫和性伴侣的平等看法对亲密伴侣暴力和强制性性受害和施暴具有保护作用。
针对帮派成员的性别观念进行干预可能会改善亲密伴侣暴力和强制性性行为。如果这些项目旨在改善性关系和浪漫关系中的公平性，而不是专注于尊重女性帮派成员，那么这些项目可能会更有效。
