Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Pediatrics. 2019 Mar;143(3). doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3801. Epub 2019 Jan 17.
The US opioid crisis is the public health emergency of our time and requires urgent public health action to monitor and protect the most vulnerable Americans. We have witnessed a startling death toll in 2017 with 70 237 drug overdose deaths in the United States, of which two-thirds involved opioids. The devastating consequences of this epidemic for mothers and infants have received less attention. Increases in opioid use and misuse in pregnancy have paralleled the increases in the general population; at delivery hospitalization, there were 4 times as many women with an opioid use disorder in 2014 compared with 1999. One of the most immediate and visible impacts of the opioid crisis on infants is the drug withdrawal in the newborn period, termed neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). On the basis of 2014 data, 1 newborn was diagnosed with NAS every 15 minutes in the United States, totaling about 32 000 infants annually with associated hospital costs estimated at $563 million.
美国阿片类药物危机是我们这个时代的公共卫生紧急事件，需要采取紧急公共卫生行动来监测和保护最脆弱的美国人。我们在 2017 年看到了惊人的死亡人数，美国有 70237 例药物过量死亡，其中三分之二涉及阿片类药物。这场流行对母亲和婴儿造成的破坏性后果受到的关注较少。怀孕期间阿片类药物使用和滥用的增加与总人口的增加平行；在分娩时住院，2014 年患有阿片类药物使用障碍的妇女是 1999 年的 4 倍。阿片类药物危机对婴儿最直接和明显的影响之一是新生儿期的药物戒断，称为新生儿戒断综合征（NAS）。根据 2014 年的数据，美国每 15 分钟就有 1 名新生儿被诊断出患有 NAS，每年约有 32000 名婴儿患有这种疾病，相关的医院费用估计为 5.63 亿美元。
