Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and.
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
J Nutr. 2019 Feb 1;149(2):304-313. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy260.
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and hepatic triglyceride content (HTGC) are major risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases.
We aimed to investigate the association of dietary intake of the main food groups with VAT and HTGC in middle-aged men and women.
We used data from the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study, a population-based study including 6671 participants aged 45-65 y at baseline. In this cross-sectional analysis, VAT and HTGC were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, respectively, as the primary outcomes. Habitual intake of main food groups (dairy, meat, fish, fruits and vegetables, sweet snacks, and fats and oils) was estimated through the use of a food-frequency questionnaire. We examined associations of intake of different food groups with VAT and HTGC by linear regression analysis stratified by sex and adjusted for age, smoking, education, ethnicity, physical activity, basal metabolic rate, energy-restricted diet, menopausal state, and total energy intake.
In women, a 100-g/d higher intake of dairy was associated with 2.0 cm2 less VAT (95% CI: -3.4, -0.7 cm2) and a 0.95-fold lower HTGC (95% CI: 0.90-, 0.99-fold). Moreover, a 100-g/d higher intake of fruit and vegetables was associated with 1.6 cm2 less VAT (95% CI: -2.9, -0.2 cm2) in women. Fruit and vegetables were negatively associated (0.95; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.00) with HTGC, and sweet snacks were positively associated (1.29; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.63). Patterns were weaker but similar in men. Fish intake was not associated with VAT or HTGC and plant-based fat and oil intake were only associated with VAT after adjustment for total body fat.
Despite some variation in the strength of the associations between men and women, dietary intake of sweet snacks was positively associated with HTGC, and fruit and vegetable intake were negatively associated with visceral and liver fat content. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these results. The Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov with identifier NCT03410316.
内脏脂肪组织 (VAT) 和肝甘油三酯含量 (HTGC) 是代谢性心血管疾病的主要危险因素。
本研究旨在探讨中年男女的主要食物组的饮食摄入量与 VAT 和 HTGC 的相关性。
我们使用了荷兰肥胖症流行病学研究的数据，该研究是一项基于人群的研究，包括 6671 名年龄在 45-65 岁的参与者。在这项横断面分析中，VAT 和 HTGC 分别通过磁共振成像和光谱法评估作为主要结果。主要食物组（乳制品、肉类、鱼类、水果和蔬菜、甜食和脂肪油）的习惯性摄入量通过使用食物频率问卷进行估计。我们通过线性回归分析，按性别分层，并根据年龄、吸烟、教育、种族、体力活动、基础代谢率、能量限制饮食、绝经状态和总能量摄入进行调整，检查不同食物组摄入量与 VAT 和 HTGC 的相关性。
在女性中，每天摄入 100 克乳制品与 VAT 减少 2.0 厘米有关（95%CI：-3.4，-0.7 厘米），HTGC 降低 0.95 倍（95%CI：0.90-0.99）。此外，女性每天摄入 100 克水果和蔬菜与 VAT 减少 1.6 厘米有关（95%CI：-2.9，-0.2 厘米）。水果和蔬菜与 HTGC 呈负相关（0.95；95%CI：0.91，1.00），甜食与 HTGC 呈正相关（1.29；95%CI：1.03，1.63）。这些模式在男性中虽然较弱，但相似。鱼类摄入与 VAT 或 HTGC 无关，植物性脂肪和油的摄入仅在调整全身脂肪后与 VAT 相关。
尽管男性和女性之间的关联强度存在差异，但甜食的饮食摄入与 HTGC 呈正相关，而水果和蔬菜的摄入与内脏和肝脏脂肪含量呈负相关。需要前瞻性研究来证实这些结果。荷兰肥胖症流行病学研究在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册，标识符为 NCT03410316。
