Hungarian Dietetic Association, 1034 Budapest, Hungary.
EndoCare Institute, Endocrinology Center, 1037 Budapest, Hungary.
Nutrients. 2023 Dec 21;16(1):27. doi: 10.3390/nu16010027.
Menopause is associated with an increased prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and osteoporosis. These diseases and unfavorable laboratory values, which are characteristic of this period in women, can be significantly improved by eliminating and reducing dietary risk factors. Changing dietary habits during perimenopause is most effectively achieved through nutrition counseling and intervention. To reduce the risk factors of all these diseases, and in the case of an already existing disease, dietary therapy led by a dietitian should be an integral part of the treatment. The following review summarizes the recommendations for a balanced diet and fluid intake, the dietary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, the role of sleep, and the key preventive nutrients in menopause, such as vitamin D, calcium, vitamin C, B vitamins, and protein intake. In summary, during the period of perimenopause and menopause, many lifestyle factors can reduce the risk of developing all the diseases (cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, and tumors) and symptoms characteristic of this period.
绝经与肥胖、代谢综合征、心血管疾病和骨质疏松症的患病率增加有关。这些疾病和女性在这个时期特有的不利实验室值，可以通过消除和减少饮食危险因素得到显著改善。在围绝经期改变饮食习惯最有效的方法是通过营养咨询和干预。为了降低所有这些疾病的危险因素，并且在已经存在疾病的情况下，营养师指导的饮食疗法应该是治疗的一个组成部分。以下综述总结了均衡饮食和液体摄入、心血管疾病的饮食预防、睡眠的作用以及绝经期间关键的预防营养素（如维生素 D、钙、维生素 C、B 族维生素和蛋白质摄入）的建议。总之，在围绝经期和绝经期间，许多生活方式因素可以降低所有疾病（心血管疾病、胰岛素抵抗、2 型糖尿病、骨质疏松症和肿瘤）和该时期特有的症状的发病风险。
