Wanders A J, Alssema M, de Koning E J P, le Cessie S, de Vries J H, Zock P L, Rosendaal F R, Heijer M den, de Mutsert R
Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017 Feb;71(2):245-251. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.204. Epub 2016 Nov 9.
The aim of this study was to examine the relations between intakes of total, saturated, mono-unsaturated, poly-unsaturated and trans fatty acids (SFA, MUFA, PUFA and TFA), and their dietary sources (dairy, meat and plant) with markers of type 2 diabetes risk.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of 5675 non-diabetic, middle-aged participants of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study. Associations between habitual dietary intake and fasting and postprandial blood glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA of β-cell function (HOMA-B) and Disposition Index were assessed through multivariable linear regression models with adjustments for demographic, lifestyle and dietary factors.
Mean (s.d.) intakes in percent of energy (En%) were 34.4 (5.8) for total fatty acids, 12.4 (2.9) for SFA, 12.2 (2.4) for MUFA, 6.9 (1.9) for PUFA and 0.6 (0.2) for TFA. As compared with carbohydrates, only SFA was weakly inversely associated with fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. When stratified by dietary source, all fatty acids from meat were positively associated with fasting insulin - total fatty acids (per 5 En%: 10.0%; 95% confidence interval: 4.0, 16.3), SFA (per 1 En%: 3.7%; 0.4, 7.2), MUFA (per 1 En%: 5.0%; 2.0, 8.1), PUFA (per 1 En%: 17.3%; 6.0, 29.7) and TFA (per 0.1 En%: 10.5%; 3.2, 18.3). Similarly, all fatty acids from meat were positively associated with HOMA-IR and HOMA-B and inversely with Disposition Index.
Our study suggests that the relations between fatty acid intakes and markers of type 2 diabetes risk may depend on the dietary sources of the fatty acids. More epidemiological studies on diet and cardiometabolic disease are needed, addressing possible interactions between nutrients and their dietary sources.
本研究旨在探讨总脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸（SFA、MUFA、PUFA和TFA）的摄入量及其膳食来源（乳制品、肉类和植物性食物）与2型糖尿病风险标志物之间的关系。
受试者/方法：这是一项对荷兰肥胖流行病学（NEO）研究中5675名非糖尿病中年参与者的基线数据进行的横断面分析。通过多变量线性回归模型评估习惯性膳食摄入量与空腹及餐后血糖和胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）、β细胞功能稳态模型评估（HOMA-B）和处置指数之间的关联，并对人口统计学、生活方式和膳食因素进行了调整。
总脂肪酸、SFA、MUFA、PUFA和TFA的能量摄入百分比均值（标准差）分别为34.4（5.8）%、12.4（2.9）%、12.2（2.4）%、6.9（1.9）%和0.6（0.2）%。与碳水化合物相比，只有SFA与空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR和HOMA-B呈弱负相关。按膳食来源分层时，肉类中的所有脂肪酸均与空腹胰岛素呈正相关——总脂肪酸（每5%能量：10.0%；95%置信区间：4.0，16.3）、SFA（每1%能量：3.7%；0.4，7.2）、MUFA（每1%能量：5.0%；2.0，8.1）、PUFA（每1%能量：17.3%；6.0，29.7）和TFA（每0.1%能量：10.5%；3.2，18.3）。同样，肉类中的所有脂肪酸均与HOMA-IR和HOMA-B呈正相关，与处置指数呈负相关。
我们的研究表明，脂肪酸摄入量与2型糖尿病风险标志物之间的关系可能取决于脂肪酸的膳食来源。需要更多关于饮食与心脏代谢疾病的流行病学研究，以探讨营养素及其膳食来源之间可能存在的相互作用。
