Université Nangui Abrogoua, UFR des Sciences de la Nature (UFR-SN), Unité de Recherche en Ecologie et Biodiversité (UREB), 28 BP 847 28, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Centre de Recherche en écologie (CRE), Station de Recherche en Ecologie du Parc National de la Comoé, Bouna, Côte d'Ivoire.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2019 Jan 18;15(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s13002-019-0284-5.
Many fungal species in tropical Africa are useful, with high added value, and play essential roles in the structure and dynamic of ecosystems. However, the diversity, distribution, and uses by local populations of these non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and their respective habitats are still very poorly understood in sub-Saharan Africa in general and more specifically in Côte d'Ivoire. This study aims at (i) inventorying the wild useful mushrooms of Côte d'Ivoire within its major protected areas and their respective surrounding sociolinguistical groups, according to climatic and phytogeographical gradients, and (ii) recording ethnomycological knowledge and considerations of these local people.
Field and ethnomycological surveys were conducted in the main and highest protected areas of Côte d'Ivoire (Comoé, Marahoué, and Taï national parks) and a set of their respective surrounding villages, along climatic and phytogeographical gradients. Standardized methods (permanent plots and opportunistic searches) were used for field surveys. In addition, a total 748 respondents belonging to 13 ethnic groups were interviewed at a rate of 300 interviewees during the preliminary investigations and 448 persons during the proper ethnomycological surveys.
Sixty-eight useful wild fungal species, belonging to 17 families and 23 genera, were listed and collected. Four categories of usage were reported by the rural people (food, medicinal, belief and recreational), with a dominance of food and medicinal uses. Fifty-six species were reported to be used as food and 16 species as medicinal fungi. These uses varied not only from one sociolinguistical group to another but also from a visited village to another. The high number (41) of the reported useful species was found in the Sudano-Guinean savanna zone while 28 species were collected in the forest zone and 22 species in the forest-savanna mosaic zone. These mushrooms were either saprotrophic or symbiotic (ectomycorrhizal or termitophilic). Auricularia sp3, Psathyrella tuberculata, and Termitomyces spp. were found as the most commonly used mushrooms.
These national scale field and ethnomycological surveys give one of the more complete but non-exhaustive list of useful mushrooms of Côte d'Ivoire. Mushrooms are relatively well known and used by the Ivorian people within the main phytogeographical zone of the country. These people also have an interest in all the functional groups with an important phytogeographical zone-fungal-specific used species. However, protected areas of the visited zones seem to represent the last sanctuaries of these organisms due to high rate of loss of natural habitats.
在热带非洲，许多真菌物种具有很高的附加值，对生态系统的结构和动态起着至关重要的作用。然而，在整个撒哈拉以南非洲，特别是在科特迪瓦，这些非木材森林产品（NTFPs）及其各自栖息地的多样性、分布和当地居民的利用情况仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在：（i）根据气候和植物地理梯度，在科特迪瓦的主要保护区及其各自的周边社会语言群体中对野生有用蘑菇进行编目；（ii）记录这些当地居民的民族真菌学知识和考虑因素。
在科特迪瓦的主要和最高保护区（科莫埃、马拉豪埃和泰国家公园）及其周边村庄，沿着气候和植物地理梯度，进行了实地和民族真菌学调查。采用标准方法（永久样地和机会性搜索）进行实地调查。此外，在初步调查中对 13 个民族的 748 名受访者进行了调查，调查率为 300 名受访者，在适当的民族真菌学调查中对 448 名受访者进行了调查。
列出并收集了 68 种有用的野生真菌物种，属于 17 科 23 属。农村居民报告了四类用途（食品、药用、信仰和娱乐），以食品和药用用途为主。56 种被报告为食用真菌，16 种被报告为药用真菌。这些用途不仅在一个社会语言群体与另一个群体之间有所不同，而且在一个访问的村庄与另一个村庄之间也有所不同。在所报告的有用物种中，有 41 种来自苏丹-几内亚稀树草原带，28 种来自森林带，22 种来自森林-稀树草原镶嵌带。这些蘑菇要么是腐生的，要么是共生的（外生菌根或白蚁嗜食的）。黑木耳、鸡枞和白蚁菇被发现是最常用的蘑菇。
这些全国范围的实地和民族真菌学调查提供了科特迪瓦较为完整但非详尽的有用蘑菇清单之一。蘑菇在科特迪瓦人民中相对为人所知且被广泛使用，这些蘑菇在该国的主要植物地理带中得到了应用。这些人对所有功能群都感兴趣，其中包括具有重要植物地理带-真菌特异性的使用物种。然而，由于自然栖息地的大量丧失，受调查区域的保护区似乎是这些生物的最后避难所。
