Harder T, Christ F, Dewes W, Krönung G, Trübestein G
Radiologische Klinik, Universität Bonn.
Rontgenblatter. 1988 Jul;41(7):273-9.
Three radiological methods of examination can be used in phlebography of the upper extremity: screening (fluoroscopy) combined with on-target x-ray film examination; sheet film angiography; digital subtraction phlebography (DSP). Phlebography of the veins of the forearm performed preoperatively for selecting suitable veins for a dialysis shunt, should be done by screening with on-target x-ray film takes in several planes. DSP should be given preference if there is suspicion of thrombosis of the shoulder veins and the superior vena cava.
透视（荧光检查）结合定点X线片检查；连续投照血管造影；数字减影静脉造影（DSP）。术前为选择合适的静脉用于建立透析分流而进行的前臂静脉造影，应通过在多个平面进行定点X线片拍摄的透视检查来完成。如果怀疑有肩部静脉和上腔静脉血栓形成，应优先选择DSP。
