Andrews J C, Williams D M, Cho K J
Clin Radiol. 1987 Jul;38(4):423-4. doi: 10.1016/s0009-9260(87)80251-9.
Seventy four digital subtraction venograms of the upper extremity and mediastinum were performed in 69 patients. The indications included idiopathic arm and shoulder swelling, difficulties with a central venous catheter, chronic venous access device, or dialysis fistula, superior vena cava syndrome, or pre-operative anatomical mapping. Clinically useful information was obtained in all studies. The digital subtraction technique allows the simple and rapid performance of venography, especially in patients with limited venous access.
