De Donno Antonio, Sablone Sara, Lauretti Chiara, Mele Federica, Martini Alessandra, Introna Francesco, Santoro Valeria
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, Policlinico di Bari Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, Policlinico di Bari Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Leg Med (Tokyo). 2019 Mar;37:49-53. doi: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2019.01.002. Epub 2019 Jan 4.
The aim of this study was to obtain soft tissue thickness (STTs) of Caucasian males starting from 12 bone landmarks, to allow facial reconstruction and assign an identity to skeletal remains. When a skeleton is found without any circumstantial evidence of identity, through anthropological investigations it is possible to estimate age, sex, and race studying specific characteristics of bones. This first step of identification process helps investigators to narrow down the identity suppositions, but not always forensic analysis guarantees a final positive identification. Moreover, it is possible to rely on facial reconstruction trying to reproduce the likely features of the face from the skull. The obtained images could be used as a support in recognition by relatives who could provide photos and other data to carry out a comparative analysis. Furthermore, identity can be confirmed by conventional identification methods such as DNA profiling, odontological identification, and radiological comparison. Forensic facial reconstruction (FFR) is based on the bone surface that conditions the facial physiognomy. Analyzing cone beam CT (CBCT) scans of 30 Caucasian males, average STTs values were obtained. CBCT, compared with the conventional spiral CT, has much lower radiation doses, lower costs, high spatial resolution and focuses on head and neck. The obtained results were compared with existing literature and databases and were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Two researchers repeated measurements in different times to assess the reliability of the method.
本研究的目的是从12个骨性标志点获取白种男性的软组织厚度（STT），以进行面部重建并为骨骼遗骸确定身份。当发现一具没有任何身份相关间接证据的骨骼时，通过人类学调查，研究骨骼的特定特征来估计年龄、性别和种族是可行的。识别过程的这第一步有助于调查人员缩小身份推测范围，但并非总是法医分析就能保证最终的肯定性识别。此外，可以依靠面部重建尝试从颅骨再现面部可能的特征。所获得的图像可作为亲属识别的辅助，亲属可以提供照片和其他数据以进行对比分析。此外，身份可以通过DNA分析、牙科学鉴定和放射学比较等传统鉴定方法来确认。法医面部重建（FFR）基于影响面部相貌的骨表面。通过分析30名白种男性的锥形束CT（CBCT）扫描图像，获得了平均STT值。与传统螺旋CT相比，CBCT的辐射剂量更低、成本更低、空间分辨率高且专注于头部和颈部。将获得的结果与现有文献和数据库进行比较，并通过描述性统计进行分析。两名研究人员在不同时间重复测量以评估该方法的可靠性。
