Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Uberlândia Federal University, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
Instituto Geral de Perícias de Santa Catarina (IGP/SC), Brazil.
Leg Med (Tokyo). 2021 May;50:101866. doi: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101866. Epub 2021 Feb 20.
Forensic facial reconstruction (approximation) (FFR) is an aid to human identification when no presumed identity is available. It is based on average soft tissue thickness (STT) applied onto a skull. These averages vary at each landmark according to sex, ancestry, and Facial Growth Patterns (FGP). To obtain the reference, there are different protocols and conditions, such as needles in cadavers, ultrasound, magnetic resonance, and computer tomography. Using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), landmark placement and direction of measurement are critical. The purpose of this article is to detailly describe a method for STT measurement in CBCT DICOM files and to test it in the analysis of a multi-ancestral Brazilian sample, subdivided into sex, age and FGP. A sample of 100 (50 male and 50 female) CBCT exams were selected and the volume was primarily been repositioned to cephalometric standards. A detailed description of the location and measurement direction of 32 landmarks was provided and granted good reproducibility of the measurements. The averages were assessed by sex, age, and FGP. There were significant differences between males and females. The CBCT measuring protocol provided standardization of measurements and is a method to be used in future researches. Advantages of CBCT, such as the subject's upright position and adjustable volume positioning, also justify its usage. Limited differences of STT were related to age and FGP. The updated Brazilian soft tissue thickness chart is a reliable source of data for forensic and clinical purposes.
法医面像重建（近似）（FFR）是在没有假定身份时进行人类识别的辅助手段。它基于应用于颅骨的平均软组织厚度（STT）。这些平均值根据性别、祖先和面部生长模式（FGP）在每个标志点上有所不同。为了获得参考值，有不同的协议和条件，例如尸体上的针、超声、磁共振和计算机断层扫描。使用锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）时，标志点的放置和测量方向至关重要。本文的目的是详细描述一种在 CBCT DICOM 文件中测量 STT 的方法，并在对多祖先巴西样本的分析中进行测试，该样本按性别、年龄和 FGP 进行细分。选择了 100 例（50 名男性和 50 名女性）CBCT 检查的样本，并将体积重新定位到头影测量标准。提供了 32 个标志点的位置和测量方向的详细描述，并保证了测量的良好可重复性。根据性别、年龄和 FGP 评估平均值。男性和女性之间存在显著差异。CBCT 测量协议实现了测量的标准化，是未来研究中要使用的一种方法。CBCT 的优势，如受试者的直立姿势和可调节的体积定位，也证明了其使用的合理性。STT 的差异与年龄和 FGP 有关。更新后的巴西软组织厚度图表是法医学和临床目的的可靠数据来源。
