Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, PB 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway.
Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Science and Technology (REALTEK), PB 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
Environ Int. 2019 Mar;124:302-311. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.008. Epub 2019 Jan 17.
The transmission of pathogens from partially or fully treated wastewater to different water sources are a pervasive risk to public health. To reduce the risk, the integration of source separation, on-site greywater treatment system, and an efficient disposal scheme are the most critical approaches. This study intended to evaluate the removal of nutrient and microbial suspension in the filtration systems used for effluent disposal. The effluent from an on-site greywater treatment plant was loaded into the columns, and the effluent from the columns was monitored for nutrients, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium phage 28B (St28B) for one year. Thus, from the range of infiltration systems tested, column-B (15 cm layer of each, Filtralite, fine sand, and till soil) showed the highest removal of total coliforms and E. coli, 3-4 log reduction, while the lowest removal observed in column-C (a layer of 25 cm crushed stone and 50 cm till soil), 2-3 log reduction. The virus removal efficiency of the columns reduced from 19% to 70% during the simulation of a rainfall event. Moreover, the rise of St28B concentration after rainfall experiment may probably the sign of detachment enhanced by low ionic strength rainwater.
从部分或完全处理过的废水中向不同水源传播病原体对公众健康构成普遍风险。为了降低风险，源头分离、现场灰水（指生活污水）处理系统和高效处置方案的整合是最关键的方法。本研究旨在评估用于处理废水的过滤系统对营养物质和微生物悬浮体的去除效果。将现场灰水处理厂的废水加载到柱体中，并在一年的时间内监测柱体中的废水的营养物质、总大肠菌群、大肠杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌噬菌体 28B（St28B）。因此，在所测试的渗透系统范围内，柱体-B（每层 15 厘米的 Filtralite、细砂和耕作土）对总大肠菌群和大肠杆菌的去除效果最高，达到 3-4 个对数减少，而在柱体-C（25 厘米碎石头和 50 厘米耕作土）中的去除效果最低，达到 2-3 个对数减少。在模拟降雨事件期间，柱体的病毒去除效率从 19%降低到 70%。此外，降雨实验后 St28B 浓度的上升可能是由于低离子强度雨水增强了脱落作用的迹象。
