Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Center for Human Immunobiology, William T Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Ave, Suite 330, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2019 Jan 19;19(1):2. doi: 10.1007/s11882-019-0836-8.
Natural killer cells are innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that play critical roles in human host defense and are especially useful in combating viral pathogens and malignancy.
The NK cell deficiency (NKD) is particularly underscored in patients with a congenital immunodeficiency in which NK cell development or function is affected. The classical NK cell deficiency (cNKD) is a result of absent or a profound decrease in the number of circulating NK cells. In contrast, functional NKD (fNKD) is characterized by abnormal NK cell function but with normal number of NK cells. The combined immune deficiencies with significant impact on NK cells are not considered classical or functional NK cell deficiencies. In these disorders, the impairment of NK cells represents an important aspect of the overall immunodeficiency. In turn, this leads to improved insights on the NK cell development and function. Here, we detail the NK cell biology based upon recent natural killer cell defects described in combined immune deficiencies.
自然杀伤细胞是先天淋巴细胞（ILC），在人体宿主防御中发挥着关键作用，尤其擅长对抗病毒病原体和恶性肿瘤。
NK 细胞缺陷（NKD）在先天性免疫缺陷患者中尤为明显，这些患者的 NK 细胞发育或功能受到影响。经典 NK 细胞缺陷（cNKD）是由于循环 NK 细胞数量缺失或明显减少所致。相比之下，功能 NK 细胞缺陷（fNKD）的特征是 NK 细胞功能异常，但 NK 细胞数量正常。对 NK 细胞有重大影响的联合免疫缺陷并不被认为是经典或功能 NK 细胞缺陷。在这些疾病中，NK 细胞的损伤是整体免疫缺陷的一个重要方面。反过来，这也使得人们对 NK 细胞的发育和功能有了更深入的了解。在此，我们根据联合免疫缺陷中描述的最近的自然杀伤细胞缺陷，详细介绍 NK 细胞生物学。
