Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation, Washington, DC, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, Washington, DC, USA.
Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation, Washington, DC, USA.
Lancet. 2019 Jan 19;393(10168):276-286. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32838-1.
Many countries show a growing willingness to use militaries in support of global health efforts. This Series paper summarises the varied roles, responsibilities, and approaches of militaries in global health, drawing on examples and case studies across peacetime, conflict, and disaster response environments. Militaries have many capabilities applicable to global health, ranging from research, surveillance, and medical expertise to rapidly deployable, large-scale assets for logistics, transportation, and security. Despite this large range of capabilities, militaries also have limitations when engaging in global health activities. Militaries focus on strategic, operational, and tactical objectives that support their security and defence missions, which can conflict with humanitarian and global health equity objectives. Guidelines-both within and outside militaries-for military engagement in global health are often lacking, as are structured opportunities for military and civilian organisations to engage one another. We summarise policies that can help close the gap between military and civilian actors to catalyse the contributions of all participants to enhance global health.
许多国家越来越愿意动用军队来支持全球卫生工作。本综述论文通过列举和平时期、冲突时期和灾害应对环境中的实例和案例研究，总结了军队在全球卫生领域中的各种角色、责任和方法。军队在全球卫生方面有许多适用的能力，从研究、监测和医疗专业知识，到用于后勤、运输和安全的可快速部署的大规模资产。尽管有如此广泛的能力，但军队在参与全球卫生活动时也存在局限性。军队专注于支持其安全和防御任务的战略、行动和战术目标，这可能与人道主义和全球卫生公平目标相冲突。军队内部和外部的准则——通常缺乏关于军队参与全球卫生的准则，以及军队和民间组织之间相互参与的结构化机会。我们总结了一些政策，这些政策有助于缩小军队和平民行为体之间的差距，以促进所有参与者的贡献，从而加强全球卫生。
