Dialysis dementia.

Dialysis dementia is a unique neurologic complication of renal failure associated with chronic dialysis. While many questions remain about the pathophysiology of the disease, aluminum toxicity is probably the major factor in the pathogenesis of the dementia. Reducing dialysate aluminum levels and minimizing oral aluminum intake has markedly decreased the incidence of the disease. Deferoxamine, a chelating agent, is effective if it is given early; however, chronic use may lead to serious complications, although they are rare.