Ma Xiaoyue, Monroe Ben P, Cleaton Julie M, Orciari Lillian A, Li Yu, Kirby Jordona D, Chipman Richard B, Petersen Brett W, Wallace Ryan M, Blanton Jesse D
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2018 Dec 15;253(12):1555-1568. doi: 10.2460/javma.253.12.1555.
OBJECTIVE To describe rabies and rabies-related events occurring during 2017 in the United States. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of passive surveillance data. ANIMALS All animals submitted for laboratory diagnosis of rabies in the United States during 2017. PROCEDURES State and territorial public health departments provided data on animals submitted for rabies testing in 2017. Data were analyzed temporally and geographically to assess trends in domestic and sylvatic animal rabies cases. RESULTS During 2017, 52 jurisdictions reported 4,454 rabid animals to the CDC, representing a 9.3% decrease from the 4,910 rabid animals reported in 2016. Of the 4,454 cases of animal rabies, 4,055 (91.0%) involved wildlife species. Relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 1,433 (32.2%) bats, 1,275 (28.6%) raccoons, 939 (21.1%) skunks, 314 (7.0%) foxes, 276 (6.2%) cats, 62 (1.4%) dogs, and 36 (0.8%) cattle. There was a 0.4% increase in the number of samples submitted for testing in 2017, compared with the number submitted in 2016. Two human rabies deaths were reported in 2017, compared with none in 2016. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The overall number of reported cases of animal rabies has decreased over time. Laboratory testing of animals suspected to be rabid remains a critical public health function and continues to be a cost-effective method to directly influence human rabies postexposure prophylaxis recommendations.
目的 描述2017年美国发生的狂犬病及与狂犬病相关的事件。 设计 对被动监测数据进行横断面分析。 动物 2017年在美国提交实验室诊断狂犬病的所有动物。 方法 州和地区公共卫生部门提供了2017年提交狂犬病检测的动物的数据。对数据进行时间和地理分析，以评估家养动物和野生动物狂犬病病例的趋势。 结果 2017年，52个司法管辖区向美国疾病控制与预防中心报告了4454只患狂犬病动物，比2016年报告的4910只患狂犬病动物减少了9.3%。在4454例动物狂犬病病例中，4055例（91.0%）涉及野生动物物种。主要动物群体的相对占比情况如下：蝙蝠1433例（32.2%）、浣熊1275例（28.6%）、臭鼬939例（21.1%）、狐狸314例（7.0%）、猫276例（6.2%）、狗62例（1.4%）、牛36例（0.8%）。与2016年提交检测的样本数量相比，2017年提交检测的样本数量增加了0.4%。2017年报告了2例人类狂犬病死亡病例，而2016年无此类报告。 结论及临床意义 随着时间推移，报告的动物狂犬病病例总数有所下降。对疑似患狂犬病动物进行实验室检测仍然是一项关键的公共卫生职能，并且仍然是直接影响人类狂犬病暴露后预防建议的一种具有成本效益的方法。
