埃塞俄比亚归国人员中的人口贩卖：其规模和风险因素。
Human trafficking among Ethiopian returnees: its magnitude and risk factors.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2019 Jan 22;19(1):104. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6395-z.
BACKGROUND
Human trafficking was affecting a number of individuals in Ethiopia that resulted in various health problems and human right violations. Though the pushing and pulling factors of human trafficking were identified qualitatively, their effect on trafficking status were not measured quantitatively; the magnitude of human trafficking among returnees was not also quantified.
METHODS
Primary data were collected from 1342 Ethiopian returning migrants from abroad via Metemma-Yohannes, Moyale, and Galafi border towns from May to October 2016 consecutively. The status of each returnee as trafficked or non-trafficked was determined based on the UN 2000 definition of human trafficking. Factor analyses were conducted on the push and pull factors of migration to identify the underlying constructs. Considering the common underlying concept of items that load on the push and pull factors, the newly emerged construct variables were named in consultation with sociologists before used as independent variables. Finally, the effect of these and other variables on trafficking status were measured using generalized estimation equation.
RESULT
The magnitude of human trafficking among returning migrants was estimated at 50.89% (95%CI: 0.4822-0.5357). The odds of being trafficked was positively associated with female sex (AOR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.10-2.17), low household wealth quintile (AOR = 2.55, 95%CI: 1.46-4.44), being smuggled at departure (AOR = 4.48, 95%CI: 3.19-6.29), strong desire for successful oversea life (AOR = 3.98, 95%CI: 2.63-6.02), high level of risk-opportunity imbalance before departure (AOR = 6.10, 95%CI: 4.01-9.30), and strong feeling of hopelessness at success in home-country (AOR = 8.64, 95%CI: 5.62-13.30).
CONCLUSION
Half of the returned Ethiopian migrants were trafficked. Sex, household wealth quintile, smuggling status, exposure to seductive information about oversea life, risk-opportunity imbalance before departure, and feeling hopelessness for success at home were among the factors associated with human trafficking.
背景
人口贩运影响了埃塞俄比亚的许多人，导致了各种健康问题和侵犯人权的行为。虽然人口贩运的推动因素和拉动因素已被定性识别，但它们对贩运状况的影响尚未被定量衡量；归国者中的人口贩运规模也没有被量化。
方法
2016 年 5 月至 10 月期间，通过梅特马亚-约翰内斯、莫亚莱和加拉菲边境城镇，从国外连续接收了 1342 名埃塞俄比亚归国移民。根据联合国 2000 年人口贩运定义，确定每个归国者是否为被贩运者或非被贩运者。对迁移的推动和拉动因素进行因素分析，以确定潜在的结构。考虑到加载在推动和拉动因素上的项目的共同潜在概念，在将新出现的构念变量用作自变量之前，与社会学家协商进行了命名。最后，使用广义估计方程测量这些和其他变量对贩运状况的影响。
结果
归国移民中的人口贩运规模估计为 50.89%（95%置信区间：0.4822-0.5357）。被贩运的可能性与女性性别呈正相关（AOR=1.55，95%置信区间：1.10-2.17），家庭财富五分位数较低（AOR=2.55，95%置信区间：1.46-4.44），启程时被偷运（AOR=4.48，95%置信区间：3.19-6.29），对海外成功生活的强烈渴望（AOR=3.98，95%置信区间：2.63-6.02），启程前风险-机会失衡程度高（AOR=6.10，95%置信区间：4.01-9.30），对在本国取得成功感到绝望（AOR=8.64，95%置信区间：5.62-13.30）。
结论
归国的埃塞俄比亚移民中有一半是被贩运的。性别、家庭财富五分位数、偷运状况、接触有关海外生活的诱惑性信息、启程前的风险-机会失衡程度以及对本国成功的绝望感是与人口贩运相关的因素。
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