Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.
Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
Front Immunol. 2019 Jan 8;9:3063. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03063. eCollection 2018.
The chemokine CCL7 (MCP3) is known to promote the recruitment of many innate immune cell types including monocytes and neutrophils to sites of bacterial and viral infection and eosinophils and basophils to sites of allergic inflammation. CCL7 upregulation has been associated with many inflammatory settings including infection, cardiovascular disease, and the tumor microenvironment. CCL7's pleotropic effects are due in part to its ability to bind numerous chemokine receptors, namely CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, and CCR10. CCL7-blockade or CCL7-deficiency is often marked by decreased inflammation and poor pathogen control. In the context of infection, CCL7 is specifically upregulated in the skin one-2 weeks after infection but its role in control is unclear. To determine CCL7's impact on the response to we infected WT and CCL7 C57BL/6 mice. infection of CCL7-deficient mice led to an unexpected in inflammation in the infected skin 2 weeks post-infection. A broad increase in immune cell subsets was observed but was dominated by enhanced neutrophilic infiltration. Increased neutrophil recruitment was associated with an enhanced IL-17 gene profile in the infected skin. CCL7 was shown to directly antagonize neutrophil migration and CCL7 add-back specifically reduced neutrophil influx into the infected skin revealing an unexpected role for CCL7 in limiting neutrophil recruitment during infection. Enhanced neutrophilic infiltration in CCL7-deficient mice changed the balance of infected host cells with an increase in the ratio of infected neutrophils over monocytes/macrophages. To determine the consequence of CCL7 deficiency on control we analyzed parasite load cutaneously at the site of infection and viscerally in the draining LN and spleen. The CCL7 mice supported robust cutaneous parasite control similar to their WT C57BL/6 counterparts. In contrast, CCL7-deficiency led to greater parasite dissemination and poor parasite control in the spleen. Our studies reveal a novel role for CCL7 in negatively regulating cutaneous inflammation, specifically neutrophils, early during infection. We propose that CCL7-mediated dampening of the early immune response in the skin may limit the ability of the parasite to disseminate without compromising cutaneous control.
趋化因子 CCL7(MCP3)已知可促进多种先天免疫细胞类型(包括单核细胞和中性粒细胞)向细菌和病毒感染部位以及嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞向过敏炎症部位募集。CCL7 的上调与许多炎症环境有关,包括感染、心血管疾病和肿瘤微环境。CCL7 的多效性作用部分归因于其结合众多趋化因子受体的能力,即 CCR1、CCR2、CCR3、CCR5 和 CCR10。CCL7 阻断或 CCL7 缺乏通常表现为炎症减少和病原体控制不良。在 感染的情况下,CCL7 在感染后 1-2 周内特异性地上调皮肤,但它在 控制中的作用尚不清楚。为了确定 CCL7 对 反应的影响,我们感染了 WT 和 CCL7 C57BL/6 小鼠。CCL7 缺陷小鼠的 感染导致感染皮肤中炎症的意外增加,感染后 2 周。观察到免疫细胞亚群广泛增加,但以中性粒细胞浸润增强为主。中性粒细胞募集增加与感染皮肤中 IL-17 基因谱的增强相关。结果表明,CCL7 可直接拮抗中性粒细胞迁移,CCL7 添加可特异性减少感染皮肤中的中性粒细胞流入,表明 CCL7 在 感染期间限制中性粒细胞募集中发挥了意想不到的作用。CCL7 缺陷小鼠中增强的中性粒细胞浸润改变了感染宿主细胞的平衡,感染中性粒细胞与单核细胞/巨噬细胞的比例增加。为了确定 CCL7 缺乏对 控制的影响,我们分析了感染部位皮肤和引流 LN 和脾脏中的寄生虫负荷。CCL7 小鼠支持类似 WT C57BL/6 对照的强大皮肤寄生虫控制。相比之下,CCL7 缺陷导致寄生虫在脾脏中的传播增加和控制不良。我们的研究揭示了 CCL7 在 感染早期负调节皮肤炎症,特别是中性粒细胞方面的新作用。我们提出,CCL7 介导的皮肤早期免疫反应的抑制可能限制寄生虫传播的能力,而不会损害皮肤控制。
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