星形胶质细胞的激活和代谢改变与正常衰老、与年龄相关的中枢神经系统疾病和 HAND 有关。
Astrocyte activation and altered metabolism in normal aging, age-related CNS diseases, and HAND.
机构信息
Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
出版信息
J Neurovirol. 2019 Oct;25(5):722-733. doi: 10.1007/s13365-019-00721-6. Epub 2019 Jan 22.
Astrocytes regulate local cerebral blood flow, maintain ion and neurotransmitter homeostasis, provide metabolic support, regulate synaptic activity, and respond to brain injury, insults, and infection. Because of their abundance, extensive connectivity, and multiple roles in the brain, astrocytes are intimately involved in normal functioning of the CNS and their dysregulation can lead to neuronal dysfunction. In normal aging, decreased biological functioning and reduced cognitive abilities are commonly experienced in individuals free of overt neurological disease. Moreover, in several age-related CNS diseases, chronic inflammation and altered metabolism have been reported. Since people with HIV (PWH) are reported to experience rapid aging with chronic inflammation, altered brain metabolism is likely to be exacerbated. In fact, many studies report altered metabolism in astrocytes in diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and HIV. This review will address the roles of astrocyte activation and altered metabolism in normal aging, in age-related CNS disease, and in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
星形胶质细胞调节局部脑血流、维持离子和神经递质的动态平衡、提供代谢支持、调节突触活动，并对脑损伤、损伤和感染做出反应。由于星形胶质细胞数量丰富、连接广泛，且在大脑中具有多种功能，因此它们与中枢神经系统的正常功能密切相关，其功能失调可导致神经元功能障碍。在正常衰老过程中，无明显神经疾病的个体通常会经历生物功能下降和认知能力降低。此外，在几种与年龄相关的中枢神经系统疾病中，已报道存在慢性炎症和代谢改变。由于 HIV 感染者（PWH）被报道存在慢性炎症导致的快速衰老，因此大脑代谢改变可能更严重。事实上，许多研究报告称，在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和 HIV 等疾病中星形胶质细胞的代谢发生改变。本综述将讨论星形胶质细胞激活和代谢改变在正常衰老、与年龄相关的中枢神经系统疾病以及 HIV 相关神经认知障碍中的作用。
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