From the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2019 Jun;143(6):695-704. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0329-RA. Epub 2019 Jan 23.
CONTEXT.—: Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease that exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical and pathologic features. The classification of bladder cancer has been traditionally based on morphologic assessment with the aid of immunohistochemistry. However, recent genomic studies have revealed that distinct alterations of DNA and RNA in bladder cancer may underlie its diverse clinicopathologic features, leading to a novel molecular classification of this common human cancer.
OBJECTIVE.—: To update recent developments in genomic characterization of bladder cancer, which may shed insights on the molecular mechanisms underlying the origin of bladder cancer, dual-track oncogenic pathways, intrinsic molecular subtyping, and development of histologic variants.
DATA SOURCES.—: Peer-reviewed literature retrieved from PubMed search and authors' own research.
CONCLUSIONS.—: Bladder cancer is likely to arise from different uroprogenitor cells through papillary/luminal and nonpapillary/basal tracks. The intrinsic molecular subtypes of bladder cancer referred to as and exhibit distinct expression signatures, clinicopathologic features, and sensitivities to standard chemotherapy. Genomic characterization of bladder cancer provides new insights to understanding the biological nature of this complex disease, which may lead to more effective treatment.
膀胱癌是一种异质性疾病，表现出广泛的临床和病理特征。膀胱癌的分类传统上是基于形态学评估，并借助免疫组织化学。然而，最近的基因组研究表明，膀胱癌中 DNA 和 RNA 的不同改变可能是其多种临床病理特征的基础，从而导致这种常见人类癌症的新的分子分类。
更新膀胱癌基因组特征的最新进展，这些进展可能深入了解膀胱癌起源的分子机制、双轨道致癌途径、内在分子亚型和组织学变异的发展。
从 PubMed 搜索和作者自己的研究中检索到的同行评议文献。
膀胱癌可能源自不同的尿路上皮祖细胞，通过乳头/腔和非乳头/基底途径。膀胱癌的内在分子亚型称为 和 ，表现出不同的表达特征、临床病理特征和对标准化疗的敏感性。膀胱癌的基因组特征为理解这种复杂疾病的生物学性质提供了新的见解，这可能导致更有效的治疗。
