Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany.
Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
Plant Dis. 2018 May;102(5):991-1000. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-06-17-0906-RE. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
The antifungal activity of an aqueous extract (AE) and the solid fraction of a chloroform-methanol fruit pericarp extract (CME) of Sapindus mukorossi resolved in water was tested for the first time against Venturia inaequalis and Botrytis cinerea-two important fungal pathogens worldwide. In the greenhouse, a CME (1% vol/vol) spray significantly reduced V. inaequalis symptoms and sporulation (99%) on apple seedling leaves (P ≤ 0.05). In field trials, applications of AE (1% vol/vol) reduced the disease severity of B. cinerea on grape, on average, by 63%. Extracts were fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the bioefficacy of the fractions was tested in vitro. Some components of the most fungicidal fraction were identified by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry as saponins: sapindoside B (accounting for ≥98% of the total constituents), hederagenin-pentosylhexoside, and oleanolic acid-hexosyl-deoxyhexosyl-hexoside. This fraction inhibited the mycelial growth of V. inaequalis and B. cinerea by 45 and 43%, respectively.
首次测试了薜荔（Sapindus mukorossi）水提取物（AE）和氯仿-甲醇果皮提取物（CME）的固体部分在水中的抗真菌活性，以对抗梨黑星病菌（Venturia inaequalis）和灰葡萄孢菌（Botrytis cinerea）——这两种全球范围内重要的真菌病原体。在温室中，CME（1%体积/体积）喷雾显著降低了苹果幼苗叶片上梨黑星病菌的症状和孢子形成（99%）（P ≤ 0.05）。在田间试验中，AE（1%体积/体积）的施用使葡萄上灰葡萄孢菌的病害严重度平均降低了 63%。提取物通过高效液相色谱进行了分级，并在体外测试了各馏分的生物功效。通过液相色谱-高分辨率质谱法鉴定出最具杀菌作用的馏分中的一些成分是皂苷：皂角苷 B（占总成分的≥98%）、羽扇豆烷-pentosylhexoside 和齐墩果酸-hexosyl-deoxyhexosyl-hexoside。该馏分分别抑制了梨黑星病菌和灰葡萄孢菌的菌丝生长，抑制率分别为 45%和 43%。
