Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
Pest Manag Sci. 2014 Apr;70(4):595-602. doi: 10.1002/ps.3587. Epub 2013 Jul 1.
Necrotic tissues within grape (Vitis vinifera) bunches represent an important source of Botrytis cinerea inoculum for Botrytis bunch rot (BBR) at harvest in vineyards. This research quantified the incidence of B. cinerea on necrotic floral and fruit tissues and the efficacy of biologically based treatments for suppression of B. cinerea secondary inoculum within developing bunches.
At veraison (2009 and 2010), samples of aborted flowers, aborted fruits and calyptras were collected, and the incidence and sporulation of B. cinerea were determined. Aborted fruits presented significantly higher incidence in untreated samples. Early-season applications of Candida sake plus Fungicover®, Fungicover alone or Ulocladium oudemansii significantly reduced B. cinerea incidence on aborted flowers and calyptras by 46-85%. Chitosan treatment significantly reduced B. cinerea incidence on calyptras. None of the treatments reduced B. cinerea incidence on aborted fruits. Treatments significantly reduced sporulation severity by 48% or more.
Treatments were effective at reducing B. cinerea secondary inoculum on necrotic tissues, in spite of the variable control on aborted fruits. This is the first report to quantify B. cinerea on several tissues of bunch trash and to describe the effective suppression of saprophytic B. cinerea inoculum by biologically based treatments.
在葡萄园收获期，葡萄（Vitis vinifera）串中的坏死组织是葡萄孢菌（Botrytis cinerea）接种体进入葡萄孢菌果穗腐烂（Botrytis bunch rot，BBR）的重要来源。本研究量化了坏死花和果实组织上的葡萄孢菌发生率，以及基于生物的处理方法对抑制发育中果穗中葡萄孢菌次生接种体的效果。
在转色期（2009 年和 2010 年），采集了败育花、败育果和内冠的样本，确定了葡萄孢菌的发生率和孢子形成情况。未处理的样本中败育果的发生率明显更高。在早期季节应用萨克拉酵母加 Fungicover®、Fungicover 单独或 Ulocladium oudemansii 可将败育花和内冠上的葡萄孢菌发生率降低 46-85%。壳聚糖处理可显著降低内冠上的葡萄孢菌发生率。没有一种处理方法能降低败育果上的葡萄孢菌发生率。处理方法可将孢子形成严重程度降低 48%以上。
尽管对败育果的控制效果不同，但这些处理方法可有效降低坏死组织上的葡萄孢菌次生接种体。这是首次对几种果穗垃圾组织上的葡萄孢菌进行量化，并描述了基于生物的处理方法对腐生葡萄孢菌接种体的有效抑制。
