Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, ARO, Israel.
Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, ARO, Israel; and The RH Smith Institute of Plant Sciences & Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
Plant Dis. 2018 Aug;102(8):1477-1488. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-01-18-0020-FE. Epub 2018 Jul 3.
The obligate root parasitic weeds commonly known as broomrape (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) cause severe damage to vegetable and field crops worldwide. Efficient control of these parasites is difficult due to their development and attachment to the host plant (via a specialized organ, the haustorium) under the soil surface and to their unique biological traits of massive seed production, facile seed dispersal, germination only under specific conditions, and seed longevity. The major damage inflicted by the parasites takes place underground, making control extremely challenging. Egyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) is a devastating pest in the Mediterranean basin, parasitizing a wide host crop range, including tomato, sunflower, legumes, and carrot, resulting in severe crop losses. Twenty years of research have led to the development of integrated smart management strategies for combating this parasite in processing tomato fields. In particular, an explicit decision support system (DSS) designated PICKIT has been developed; this DSS is based on predicting parasitism dynamics and employing a range of selective targeted chemical applications (preplanting incorporation, foliar application, and herbigation). In this feature article, we describe the evolution of this research from the laboratory, through greenhouse and experimental field trials, to large scale commercial fields and the successful assimilation of PICKIT into agricultural practice. The use of PICKIT in fields of processing tomatoes in northern Israel has led to effective control of Egyptian broomrape, even in fields with high infestation levels, resulting in a tomato yield increase of an average of 40 tons ha compared with nontreated plots. In 2016, PICKIT was commercially implemented in 33 fields, totaling 400 ha, giving 95% Egyptian broomrape control and tomato yields of 115 to 145 tons ha. The outcome of this research is now enabling farmers to grow tomatoes in Egyptian broomrape-infested fields with assured increased yields and hence high profits.
专性根寄生杂草，俗称菟丝子（Orobanche 和 Phelipanche 属），对世界范围内的蔬菜和大田作物造成严重损害。由于这些寄生虫在地下表面发育并附着在宿主植物上（通过一种特殊的器官，吸器），以及它们具有大规模种子生产、易于种子传播、仅在特定条件下发芽和种子长寿等独特的生物学特性，因此很难对它们进行有效控制。寄生虫造成的主要损害发生在地下，这使得控制变得极具挑战性。埃及菟丝子（Phelipanche aegyptiaca）是地中海盆地一种毁灭性的害虫，寄生范围广泛，包括番茄、向日葵、豆类和胡萝卜，导致严重的作物损失。20 年来的研究已经开发出了针对加工番茄田这种寄生虫的综合智能管理策略。特别是，已经开发出了一个明确的决策支持系统（DSS），称为 PICKIT；该 DSS 基于预测寄生动态，并采用一系列有针对性的选择性化学应用（播种前掺入、叶面喷施和灌根）。在这篇专题文章中，我们描述了从实验室、温室和田间试验到大规模商业领域的研究进展，以及 PICKIT 成功地被纳入农业实践。在以色列北部的加工番茄田中使用 PICKIT 已经有效地控制了埃及菟丝子，即使在感染水平较高的田块中也是如此，与未处理的田块相比，番茄产量平均增加了 40 吨/公顷。2016 年，PICKIT 在 33 个总面积为 400 公顷的田块中商业化应用，实现了 95%的埃及菟丝子控制和 115-145 吨/公顷的番茄产量。这项研究的结果现在使农民能够在埃及菟丝子感染的田块中种植番茄，确保产量增加，从而获得高利润。
