Wallach Amit, Achdari Guy, Eizenberg Hanan
Department of Phytopathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay 3009503, Israel.
The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Apr 19;11(9):1107. doi: 10.3390/plants11091107.
(Orobanchaceae) is a parasitic weed that causes severe yield losses in field crops around the world. After establishing vascular connections to the host plant roots, becomes a major sink that draws nutrients, minerals, and water from the host, resulting in extensive crop damage. One of the most effective ways to manage infestations is through the use of herbicides. Our main objective was to optimize the dose and application protocol of herbicides that effectively control but do not damage the cabbage crop. The interactions between the cabbage roots and the parasite were first examined in a hydroponic system to investigate the effect of herbicides on initial parasitism stages, e.g., germination, attachment, and tubercles production. Thereafter, the efficacy of glyphosate and ethametsulfuron-methyl in controlling was examined in five cabbage fields naturally infested with . The herbicides glyphosate and ethametsulfuron-methyl were applied on cabbage foliage and in the soil solution, both before and after the parasite had attached to the host roots. A hormesis effect was observed when glyphosate was applied at a dose of 36 g ae ha in a non-infested field. Three sequential herbicide applications (21, 35, and 49 days after planting) effectively controlled without damaging the cabbages at a dose of 72 g ae ha for glyphosate and at all the examined doses for ethametsulfuron-methyl. Parasite control with ethametsulfuron-methyl was also effective when overhead irrigation was applied after the herbicide application.
列当科植物是一种寄生性杂草，在世界各地的大田作物中都会造成严重的产量损失。在与寄主植物根系建立维管束连接后，它会成为一个主要的库，从寄主那里汲取养分、矿物质和水分，从而对作物造成广泛损害。防治列当科植物侵染最有效的方法之一是使用除草剂。我们的主要目标是优化除草剂的剂量和施用方案，以有效控制列当科植物，同时不损害甘蓝作物。首先在水培系统中研究甘蓝根系与这种寄生植物之间的相互作用，以调查除草剂对初始寄生阶段（如发芽、附着和瘤状物形成）的影响。此后，在五个自然感染列当科植物的甘蓝田中，研究了草甘膦和甲基乙磺隆对列当科植物的防治效果。在寄生植物附着到寄主根系之前和之后，将草甘膦和甲基乙磺隆这两种除草剂施用于甘蓝叶片和土壤溶液中。在未感染列当科植物的田块中，当以36克酸当量/公顷的剂量施用草甘膦时，观察到了 hormesis 效应。三次连续施用除草剂（种植后21、35和第49天），以72克酸当量/公顷的剂量施用草甘膦以及在所有检测剂量下施用甲基乙磺隆，均能有效控制列当科植物，且不损害甘蓝。在施用除草剂后进行漫灌时，甲基乙磺隆对列当科植物的防治效果也很显著。 （注：“hormesis”可能是一个专业术语，未找到完全对应的中文，保留英文）
