Contrast Between Orange- and Black-Colored Sclerotial Isolates of Botrytis cinerea: Melanogenesis and Ecological Fitness.

Botrytis cinerea usually produces grayish mycelia and conidia as well as black-colored sclerotia (BS) due to accumulation of melanin. An isolate (XN-1) of B. cinerea producing orange-colored sclerotia (OS) on agar media was obtained from an orange-colored apothecium of an uncultured soil fungus. Whether or not the OS B. cinerea occurs on plants and how they differ from the BS isolates in melanogensis and ecological fitness remained unknown. This study, for the first time, confirmed the presence of the OS B. cinerea in strawberry and tomato plants that were surveyed in Hubei Province of China. Only five OS isolates were obtained from a total of 2,031 isolates surveyed from the two crops. The OS isolate XN-1 was compared and contrasted with the BS isolate B05.10 in sclerotial melanogenesis and ecological fitness. Sclerotial melanogenesis was evident in B05.10 but was deficient in XN-1. The OS were more susceptible to the two mycoparasites Trichoderma koningiopsis and Clonostachys rosea than the BS. The percentage of viable sclerotia after the mycoparasitism study was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in OS (21%) than in BS (48%). This study also reaffirmed the importance of melanization for survival of B. cinerea sclerotia.