Granger H J, Schelling M E, Lewis R E, Zawieja D C, Meininger C J
Microcirculation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843.
Am J Otolaryngol. 1988 Nov-Dec;9(6):264-77. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0709(88)80035-8.
The delivery of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products from the tissues is made possible by forcing a stream of blood through an arborizing network of microscopic blood vessels that comprise the microcirculation. The rapidity of the flow stream and, therefore, the rate of nutrient delivery to the tissue, is regulated by the automatic adjustment of the caliber of the precapillary arterioles that serve as the primary loci of vascular resistance. Exchange between the blood stream and the parenchymal cells occurs in capillaries and pericytic venules. Pathologic processes such as inflammation, diabetes, ischemia, and hypertension are characterized by abnormalities in microvascular structure and function.
通过迫使一股血流通过构成微循环的微血管分支网络，实现了营养物质向组织的输送以及组织中代谢废物的清除。血流的速度，进而营养物质输送到组织的速率，是由作为血管阻力主要位点的毛细血管前小动脉口径的自动调节来控制的。血流与实质细胞之间的交换发生在毛细血管和周细胞微静脉中。诸如炎症、糖尿病、缺血和高血压等病理过程的特征是微血管结构和功能异常。
