Reina J, Reina N
Jordi Reina, Unidad de Virología, Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca. Spain.
Rev Esp Quimioter. 2019 Feb;32(1):1-5. Epub 2019 Jan 23.
Baloxavir marboxil (5-hydroxy-4-pyridone-3-carboxyl acid) is a new antiviral drug with special efficacy on influenza viruses that acts by inhibiting the cap-dependent endonuclease required for its replication. It is the first representative of the so-called inhibitors of influenza-like PB2. It has shown efficacy against influenza viruses A and B and most strains of animal origin (avian flu). Clinical trials conducted in healthy patients between 12 and 64 years without pathologies and not hospitalized (mild flu) have shown a reduction in the duration of symptoms similar to that obtained by oseltamivir. However, baloxavir is a much more potent inhibitor of viral replication than this drug. It has been shown as a safe and well tolerated drug. A single dose of 40-80 mg is administered the first 48 hours after onset of symptoms. In these trials, strains with moderate sensitivity (PA / I38T mutants) were detected in 2.2% of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 and in 9.7% of influenza A (H3N2). Although these data could be a good drug to treat mild or moderate influenza, requiring trials in severe influenza and patients with chronic diseases to establish their true clinical utility.
巴洛沙韦酯（5-羟基-4-吡啶酮-3-羧酸）是一种对流感病毒具有特殊疗效的新型抗病毒药物，其作用机制是抑制流感病毒复制所需的帽依赖性核酸内切酶。它是所谓的类流感PB2抑制剂中的首个代表药物。它已显示出对甲型和乙型流感病毒以及大多数动物源毒株（禽流感）有效。在12至64岁无病症且未住院的健康患者（轻症流感）中进行的临床试验表明，其症状持续时间的缩短与使用奥司他韦相似。然而，巴洛沙韦比该药物对病毒复制的抑制作用更强。它已被证明是一种安全且耐受性良好的药物。在症状出现后的头48小时内单次服用40 - 80毫克。在这些试验中，在2.2%的甲型（H1N1）pdm09流感病毒和9.7%的甲型（H3N2）流感病毒中检测到了中度敏感性毒株（PA / I38T突变体）。尽管这些数据表明该药可能是治疗轻症或中症流感的有效药物，但仍需要在重症流感患者和慢性病患者中进行试验以确定其真正的临床效用。
