Centre for Crop Health, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia.
Plant Dis. 2017 Dec;101(12):2116-2122. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-12-16-1739-RE. Epub 2017 Sep 15.
Fusarium crown rot is a major disease of wheat and barley worldwide, with the most frequently isolated causal agents being Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. culmorum. This study has successfully designed a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay that is specific for F. culmorum, which has been used in conjunction with a previously established F. pseudograminearum-specific assay to compare the location and extent of infection by each fungus across a range of potential hosts, including six winter and three summer cereal species. All common winter cereals, excluding oat, demonstrated a similar range of visual and fungal biomass results when inoculated with either F. pseudograminearum or F. culmorum. Oat exhibited the lowest visual disease ratings and fungal biomass values of the winter cereals, while the sorghum, maize, and rice cultivars returned the lowest values overall. The ranking of host species according to visual discoloration was strongly correlated for both pathogens. Visual reactions to F. pseudograminearum were greater than those caused by F. culmorum in all potential hosts trialed; however, fungal biomass results only indicated this trend for barley. These results demonstrate significant variation in the ability of these pathogens to colonize the range of cereal species examined and also suggest differences between the pathogens in their patterns of host colonization.
镰刀菌顶腐病是一种世界性的小麦和大麦主要病害，最常分离到的病原菌是禾谷镰刀菌和黄色镰刀菌。本研究成功设计了一种针对禾谷镰刀菌的定量聚合酶链反应检测方法，并与先前建立的针对禾谷镰刀菌的检测方法结合使用，比较了每种真菌在一系列潜在宿主中的位置和感染程度，包括 6 种冬小麦和 3 种夏小麦。接种禾谷镰刀菌或黄色镰刀菌后，除燕麦外，所有常见的冬小麦都表现出相似范围的视觉和真菌生物量结果。燕麦表现出冬小麦中最低的视觉病害评分和真菌生物量值，而高粱、玉米和水稻品种的总体值最低。根据视觉变色对宿主物种的排序，两种病原菌都有很强的相关性。在所有试验的潜在宿主中，禾谷镰刀菌引起的视觉反应都大于黄色镰刀菌引起的反应；然而，只有在大麦中，真菌生物量结果才表明了这一趋势。这些结果表明这些病原菌在定殖所研究的一系列谷物物种的能力上存在显著差异，也表明病原菌在宿主定殖模式上存在差异。
