NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Department of Environmental Technologies, University of Cádiz, INMAR-Marine Research Institute, Camepus Universitario Puerto Real, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Mar 20;657:704-716. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.004. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
Increasing concerns have accelerated the development of international regulations and methods for ballast water management to limit the introduction of non-indigenous species. The transport of microorganisms with ballast water has received scientific attention in recent years. However, few studies have focused on the importance of organisms smaller than 10 μm in diameter. In this work, we review the effects of ballast water transport, disinfection, and the release of microorganisms on ecosystem processes with a special focus on heterotrophic bacteria. It is important to evaluate both direct and indirect effects of ballast water treatment systems, such as the generation of easily degradable substrates and the subsequent regrowth of heterotrophic microorganisms in ballast tanks. Disinfection of water can alter the composition of bacterial communities through selective recolonization in the ballast water or the recipient water, and thereby affects bacterial driven functions that are important for the marine food web. Dissolved organic matter quality and quantity and the ecosystem status of the treated water can also be affected by the disinfection method used. These side effects of disinfection should be further investigated in a broader context and in different scales (laboratory studies, large-scale facilities, and on the ships).
日益增加的担忧加速了国际压载水管理法规和方法的发展，以限制非本地物种的引入。近年来，微生物随压载水的运输引起了科学界的关注。然而，很少有研究关注直径小于 10μm 的生物的重要性。在这项工作中，我们回顾了压载水运输、消毒以及微生物释放对生态系统过程的影响，特别关注异养细菌。评估压载水处理系统的直接和间接影响非常重要，例如易降解底物的产生以及随后在压载舱中异养微生物的再生。水的消毒可以通过在压载水或受纳水中的选择性再定植来改变细菌群落的组成，从而影响对海洋食物网很重要的细菌驱动功能。处理水中的溶解有机物的质量和数量以及生态系统状况也可能受到所使用的消毒方法的影响。这些消毒的副作用应该在更广泛的背景和不同的尺度（实验室研究、大型设施和船舶上）进一步研究。
