Skoko John J, Attaran Shireen, Neumann Carola A
Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Jan 23;8(2):29. doi: 10.3390/antiox8020029.
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have cell signaling properties and are involved in a multitude of processes beyond redox homeostasis. The peroxiredoxin (Prdx) proteins are highly sensitive intracellular peroxidases that can coordinate cell signaling via direct reactive species scavenging or by acting as a redox sensor that enables control of binding partner activity. Oxidation of the peroxidatic cysteine residue of Prdx proteins are the classical post-translational modification that has been recognized to modulate downstream signaling cascades, but increasing evidence supports that dynamic changes to phosphorylation of Prdx proteins is also an important determinant in redox signaling. Phosphorylation of Prdx proteins affects three-dimensional structure and function to coordinate cell proliferation, wound healing, cell fate and lipid signaling. The advent of large proteomic datasets has shown that there are many opportunities to understand further how phosphorylation of Prdx proteins fit into intracellular signaling cascades in normal or malignant cells and that more research is necessary. This review summarizes the Prdx family of proteins and details how post-translational modification by kinases and phosphatases controls intracellular signaling.
活性氧和氮物种具有细胞信号传导特性，并参与了氧化还原稳态之外的众多过程。过氧化物酶（Prdx）蛋白是高度敏感的细胞内过氧化物酶，可通过直接清除活性物质或作为氧化还原传感器来协调细胞信号传导，从而控制结合伴侣的活性。Prdx蛋白过氧化半胱氨酸残基的氧化是一种经典的翻译后修饰，已被认为可调节下游信号级联反应，但越来越多的证据支持，Prdx蛋白磷酸化的动态变化也是氧化还原信号传导的重要决定因素。Prdx蛋白的磷酸化会影响三维结构和功能，以协调细胞增殖、伤口愈合、细胞命运和脂质信号传导。大型蛋白质组数据集的出现表明，有很多机会可以进一步了解Prdx蛋白的磷酸化如何融入正常或恶性细胞的细胞内信号级联反应，并且需要更多的研究。这篇综述总结了Prdx蛋白家族，并详细介绍了激酶和磷酸酶的翻译后修饰如何控制细胞内信号传导。
