Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit - GhEnToxLab, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Coupure Links 653, Building F - 2nd Floor, Ghent, Belgium.
Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400, Ostend, Belgium.
Sci Rep. 2019 Jan 24;9(1):675. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36866-3.
Sea spray aerosols (SSAs) have profound effects on our climate and ecosystems. They also contain microbiota and biogenic molecules which could affect human health. Yet the exposure and effects of SSAs on human health remain poorly studied. Here, we exposed human lung cancer cells to extracts of a natural sea spray aerosol collected at the seashore in Belgium, a laboratory-generated SSA, the marine algal toxin homoyessotoxin and a chemical inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We observed significant increased expression of genes related to the mTOR pathway and Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) after exposure to homoyessotoxin and the laboratory-generated SSA. In contrast, we observed a significant decrease in gene expression in the mTOR pathway and of PCSK9 after exposure to the natural SSA and the mTOR inhibitor, suggesting induction of apoptosis. Our results indicate that marine biogenics in SSAs interact with PCSK9 and the mTOR pathway and can be used in new potential pharmaceutical applications. Overall, our results provide a substantial molecular evidence base for potential beneficial health effects at environmentally relevant concentrations of natural SSAs.
海雾气溶胶 (SSA) 对我们的气候和生态系统有深远的影响。它们还含有微生物群和生物源分子，这些物质可能会影响人类健康。然而，SSA 对人类健康的暴露和影响仍未得到充分研究。在这里，我们将人类肺癌细胞暴露于在比利时海滨收集的天然海雾气溶胶提取物、实验室生成的 SSA、海洋藻类毒素同源耶毒素以及哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白 (mTOR) 通路的化学抑制剂中。我们观察到，暴露于同源耶毒素和实验室生成的 SSA 后，与 mTOR 通路和前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素/激肽释放酶 9 (PCSK9) 相关的基因表达显著增加。相比之下，我们观察到暴露于天然 SSA 和 mTOR 抑制剂后，mTOR 通路和 PCSK9 的基因表达显著下降，表明诱导了细胞凋亡。我们的结果表明，SSA 中的海洋生物源与 PCSK9 和 mTOR 通路相互作用，并可用于新的潜在药物应用。总的来说，我们的研究结果为环境相关浓度的天然 SSA 可能具有有益的健康影响提供了大量的分子证据基础。
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