1 Department of Neonatology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
2 Department of Pediatrics, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Breastfeed Med. 2019 Mar;14(2):83-87. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2018.0174. Epub 2019 Jan 25.
Upper lip tie (ULT) articles have been recorded in Medline since 1998, while "labial frenum" articles have been recorded since 1946.
to study the existing medical literature on ULT (or labial frenum or fraenum) as they relate to breastfeeding.
Medline search engine was used to determine and subsequently retrieve all articles published on ULT from 1946 to 2018. Key-words of upper lip tie OR labial frenum were used for the search. We also used Google Scholar and Embase to widen our search, and used the PRISMA criteria for systematic reviews (SRs). Articles were classified as case reports (or series), reviews, editorials (or opinions), cohort studies, clinical trials (nonrandomized), randomized controlled trials (RCT), and SRs according to Medline's own classification. We systematically summarized all articles published to date.
No RCT were found, and the evidence for routine ULT release in infants with breastfeeding difficulties is poor. The classification system proposed by Kotlow has not been found reliable both in terms of inter and intraobserver agreement and in terms of predicting the severity of the breastfeeding difficulties.
自 1998 年以来，医学文献中就已经有了关于上唇系带（ULT）的记录，而关于“唇系带”的记录则可以追溯到 1946 年。
研究与母乳喂养相关的 ULT（或唇系带或系带）的现有医学文献。
使用 Medline 搜索引擎确定并随后检索了自 1946 年至 2018 年发表的所有关于 ULT 的文章。搜索词为上唇系带 OR 唇系带。我们还使用了 Google Scholar 和 Embase 来扩大我们的搜索范围，并使用 PRISMA 标准进行系统评价（SR）。根据 Medline 自身的分类，文章分为病例报告（或系列）、综述、社论（或意见）、队列研究、临床试验（非随机）、随机对照试验（RCT）和 SR。我们系统地总结了迄今为止发表的所有文章。
未发现 RCT，因此对于母乳喂养困难的婴儿常规释放 ULT 的证据不足。Kotlow 提出的分类系统在观察者间和观察者内的一致性以及预测母乳喂养困难严重程度方面都不可靠。
