School of Physics , CRANN, & AMBER, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland.
Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019 Feb 20;11(7):7607-7614. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b21193. Epub 2019 Feb 7.
The use of a metallic adhesion layer is known to increase the thermo-mechanical stability of Au thin films against solid-state dewetting, but in turn results in damping of the plasmonic response, reducing their utility in applications such as heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). In this work, 50 nm Au films with Ti adhesion layers ranging in thickness from 0 to 5 nm were fabricated, and their thermal stability, electrical resistivity, and plasmonic response were measured. Subnanometer adhesion layers are demonstrated to significantly increase the stability of the thin films against dewetting at elevated temperatures (>200 °C), compared to more commonly used adhesion layer thicknesses that are in the range of 2-5 nm. For adhesion layers thicker than 1 nm, the diffusion of excess Ti through Au grain boundaries and subsequent oxidation was determined to result in degradation of the film. This mechanism was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on annealed 0.5 and 5 nm adhesion layer samples. The superiority of subnanometer adhesion layers was further demonstrated through measurements of the surface-plasmon polariton resonance; those with thinner adhesion layers possessed both a stronger and spectrally sharper resonance. These results have relevance beyond HAMR to all Ti/Au systems operating at elevated temperatures.
使用金属粘附层已知可以提高 Au 薄膜的热机械稳定性,使其抵抗固态去湿,但反过来会阻尼等离子体响应,降低其在热辅助磁记录 (HAMR) 等应用中的实用性。在这项工作中,制备了厚度从 0 到 5nm 的具有 Ti 粘附层的 50nm Au 薄膜,并测量了它们的热稳定性、电阻率和等离子体响应。与通常使用的 2-5nm 范围内的粘附层厚度相比,亚纳米粘附层显著提高了薄膜在高温(>200°C)下抵抗去湿的稳定性。对于厚度大于 1nm 的粘附层,过量 Ti 通过 Au 晶界扩散并随后氧化被确定会导致薄膜退化。通过对退火的 0.5nm 和 5nm 粘附层样品进行透射电子显微镜和 X 射线光电子能谱分析证实了这一机制。通过对表面等离子体极化激元共振的测量进一步证明了亚纳米粘附层的优越性;那些具有更薄粘附层的样品具有更强和光谱更尖锐的共振。这些结果除了 HAMR 之外,对所有在高温下工作的 Ti/Au 系统都具有重要意义。