Deer Timothy R, Jain Sameer, Hunter Corey, Chakravarthy Krishnan
Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, VA 25301, USA.
Pain Treatment Centers of America, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
Brain Sci. 2019 Jan 24;9(2):23. doi: 10.3390/brainsci9020023.
The field of neuromodulation has seen unprecedented growth over the course of the last decade with novel waveforms, hardware advancements, and novel chronic pain indications. We present here an updated review on spinal cord stimulation, dorsal root ganglion stimulation, and peripheral nerve stimulation. We focus on mechanisms of action, clinical indications, and future areas of research. We also present current drawbacks with current stimulation technology and suggest areas of future advancements. Given the current shortage of viable treatment options using a pharmacological based approach and conservative interventional therapies, neuromodulation presents an interesting area of growth and development for the interventional pain field and provides current and future practitioners a fresh outlook with regards to its place in the chronic pain treatment paradigm.
在过去十年中，神经调节领域取得了前所未有的发展，出现了新型波形、硬件进步以及新型慢性疼痛适应症。我们在此对脊髓刺激、背根神经节刺激和外周神经刺激进行更新综述。我们关注作用机制、临床适应症以及未来研究领域。我们还阐述了当前刺激技术存在的缺点，并提出未来的改进方向。鉴于目前基于药理学方法和保守介入治疗的可行治疗选择短缺，神经调节为介入疼痛领域提供了一个有趣的增长和发展领域，并为当前和未来的从业者提供了关于其在慢性疼痛治疗模式中地位的全新视角。
