Saito S, Michailides T J, Xiao C L
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA 93648.
Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, University of California, Parlier 93648.
Plant Dis. 2016 Oct;100(10):2087-2093. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-02-16-0229-RE. Epub 2016 Jul 15.
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a major postharvest disease of blueberry grown in the Central Valley of California and western Washington State. Sensitivities to boscalid, cyprodinil, fenhexamid, fludioxonil, and pyraclostrobin, representing five different fungicide classes, were examined for 249 (California) and 106 (Washington) B. cinerea isolates recovered from decayed blueberry fruit or flowers. In California and Washington, 7 and 17 fungicide-resistant phenotypes, respectively, were detected: 66 and 49% of the isolates were resistant to boscalid, 20 and 29% were moderately resistant to cyprodinil, 29 and 29% were resistant to fenhexamid, and 66 and 55% were resistant to pyraclostrobin. All isolates from California were sensitive to fludioxonil, whereas 70% of the isolates from Washington showed reduced sensitivity to fludioxonil. In California, 26 and 30% of the isolates were resistant to two and three classes of fungicides, respectively. In Washington, 31, 14, 16, and 9% of the isolates were resistant to two, three, four, and five classes of fungicides, respectively. Inherent risk of the development of resistance to quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides was assessed by detecting the presence of the Bcbi-143/144 intron in gene cytb. The intron was detected in 11.8 and 40% of the isolates in California and Washington, respectively, suggesting that the risk of QoI resistance is higher in California than in Washington. On detached blueberry fruit inoculated with 11 isolates exhibiting different fungicide-resistant phenotypes, most fungicides failed to control gray mold on fruit inoculated with the respective resistant phenotypes but the mixture of cyprodinil and fludioxonil was effective against all fungicide-resistant phenotypes tested. Our findings would be useful in designing and implementing fungicide resistance management spray programs for control of gray mold in blueberry.
由灰葡萄孢引起的灰霉病是加利福尼亚中央谷地和华盛顿州西部种植的蓝莓的一种主要采后病害。对从腐烂蓝莓果实或花朵中分离得到的249株（加利福尼亚州）和106株（华盛顿州）灰葡萄孢菌株，检测了它们对代表五种不同杀菌剂类别的啶酰菌胺、嘧菌环胺、环酰菌胺、咯菌腈和吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性。在加利福尼亚州和华盛顿州，分别检测到7种和17种抗杀菌剂表型：66%和49%的菌株对啶酰菌胺耐药，20%和29%的菌株对嘧菌环胺中度耐药，29%和29%的菌株对环酰菌胺耐药，66%和55%的菌株对吡唑醚菌酯耐药。加利福尼亚州的所有分离株对咯菌腈敏感，而华盛顿州70%的分离株对咯菌腈敏感性降低。在加利福尼亚州，26%和30%的分离株分别对两类和三类杀菌剂耐药。在华盛顿州，分别有31%、14%、16%和9%的分离株对两类、三类、四类和五类杀菌剂耐药。通过检测细胞色素b基因中Bcbi - 143/144内含子的存在，评估了对醌外抑制剂（QoI）类杀菌剂产生抗性的内在风险。在加利福尼亚州和华盛顿州分别有11.8%和40%的分离株检测到该内含子，这表明加利福尼亚州QoI抗性的风险高于华盛顿州。在用表现出不同抗杀菌剂表型的11株分离株接种的离体蓝莓果实上，大多数杀菌剂未能控制接种了相应耐药表型的果实上的灰霉病，但嘧菌环胺和咯菌腈的混合物对所有测试的抗杀菌剂表型均有效。我们的研究结果将有助于设计和实施抗杀菌剂管理喷雾方案，以控制蓝莓中的灰霉病。
