Gossen Bruce D, Conner Robert L, Chang Kan-Fa, Pasche Julie S, McLaren Debra L, Henriquez Maria A, Chatterton Syama, Hwang Sheau-Fang
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada.
AAFC, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada.
Plant Dis. 2016 Oct;100(10):1965-1978. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-02-16-0184-FE. Epub 2016 Jul 19.
Pulse crops (annual grain legumes such as field pea, lentil, dry bean, and chickpea) have become an important component of the cropping system in the northern Great Plains of North America over the last three decades. In many areas, the intensity of damping-off, seedling blight, root rot, and premature ripening of pulse crops is increasing, resulting in reduction in stand establishment and yield. This review provides a brief description of the important pathogens that make up the root rot complex and summarizes root rot management on pulses in the region. Initially, several specific Fusarium spp., a range of Pythium spp., and Rhizoctonia solani were identified as important components of the root rot disease complex. Molecular approaches have recently been used to identify the importance of Aphanomyces euteiches on pulses, and to demonstrate that year-to-year changes in precipitation and temperature have an important effect on pathogen prevalence. Progress has been made on management of root rot, but more IPM tools are required to provide effective disease management. Seed-treatment fungicides can reduce damping-off and seedling blight for many of the pathogens in this disease complex, but complex cocktails of active ingredients are required to protect seedlings from the pathogen complex present in most commercial fields. Partial resistance against many of the pathogens in the complex has been identified, but is not yet available in commercial cultivars. Cultural practices, especially diversified cropping rotations and early, shallow seeding, have been shown to have an important role in root rot management. Biocontrol agents may also have potential over the long term. Improved methods being developed to identify and quantify the pathogen inoculum in individual fields may help producers avoid high-risk fields and select IPM packages that enhance yield stability.
在过去三十年里，豆类作物（如田间豌豆、小扁豆、干豆和鹰嘴豆等一年生谷物豆类）已成为北美大平原北部种植系统的重要组成部分。在许多地区，豆类作物的猝倒病、幼苗枯萎病、根腐病和过早成熟的发生强度不断增加，导致植株建立和产量下降。本文综述简要描述了构成根腐病复合体的重要病原体，并总结了该地区豆类作物根腐病的管理方法。最初，几种特定的镰刀菌属、多种腐霉菌属以及立枯丝核菌被确定为根腐病复合体的重要组成部分。最近，分子方法已被用于确定豌豆上腐皮镰刀菌的重要性，并证明降水和温度的逐年变化对病原体流行有重要影响。在根腐病管理方面已取得进展，但需要更多的综合植保工具来提供有效的病害管理。种子处理杀菌剂可以减少该病害复合体中许多病原体引起的猝倒病和幼苗枯萎病，但需要复杂的活性成分组合来保护幼苗免受大多数商业田地中存在的病原体复合体的侵害。已鉴定出对该复合体中许多病原体的部分抗性，但尚未在商业品种中得到应用。栽培措施，特别是多样化的轮作和早播、浅播，已被证明在根腐病管理中具有重要作用。从长远来看，生物防治剂也可能具有潜力。正在开发的用于识别和量化单个田地中病原体接种量的改进方法，可能有助于生产者避开高风险田地，并选择能提高产量稳定性的综合植保方案。
